{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012685911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030954","title":"Network traffic classification using a random field model","display_name":"Network traffic classification using a random field model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012685911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030954","mag":"2012685911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101743038","display_name":"Gang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-8110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079890105","display_name":"Zhaojie Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojie Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112984142","display_name":"Liyuan Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science & Technol, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8878","issue":null,"first_page":"887835","last_page":"887835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8284511566162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.7237324118614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.6976824998855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6867923736572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6846697330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5763708353042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.5620027780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5455030202865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4806586503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45806294679641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44544920325279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.441995233297348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3393590450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.300041139125824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284511566162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.7237324118614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.6976824998855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6867923736572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6846697330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5763708353042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.5620027780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5455030202865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4806586503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45806294679641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44544920325279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.441995233297348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3393590450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.300041139125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001244778","https://openalex.org/W2011628134","https://openalex.org/W2012095206","https://openalex.org/W2017528992","https://openalex.org/W2055261595","https://openalex.org/W2071678110","https://openalex.org/W2073089243","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2101222264","https://openalex.org/W2101534792","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2122226347","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2154098136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041550843","https://openalex.org/W2537489883","https://openalex.org/W2017644937","https://openalex.org/W1976515580","https://openalex.org/W1971040605","https://openalex.org/W3011161512","https://openalex.org/W1523103140","https://openalex.org/W2928278548","https://openalex.org/W3160314615","https://openalex.org/W2978828483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accurate":[1],"identification":[2],"of":[3,25,31,39,88,133,141],"the":[4,23,29,36,52,67,86,105,116,123,128,131,139],"different":[5],"protocols":[6],"used":[7],"by":[8,78],"various":[9],"applications":[10,27,33],"plays":[11],"an":[12],"important":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,63,107,145],"many":[16],"network":[17,89,99],"management":[18],"and":[19,28,73,130,148,170],"monitoring":[20],"tasks.":[21],"However,":[22],"development":[24],"emerging":[26],"evolution":[30],"existing":[32],"have":[34,59],"made":[35],"early":[37],"success":[38],"port":[40],"number":[41],"or":[42],"payload":[43],"signature":[44],"based":[45,57],"classification":[46,64],"methods":[47],"no":[48],"longer":[49],"repeatable.":[50],"On":[51],"other":[53],"hand,":[54],"machine":[55],"learning":[56],"approaches":[58],"achieved":[60],"steady":[61],"progress":[62],"accuracy,":[65],"with":[66,152],"statistical":[68],"features":[69,126],"extracted":[70],"from":[71,156],"packets":[72,106],"flows.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,159],"paper,":[77],"introducing":[79],"a":[80,94,108,134],"Markov":[81],"random":[82],"field":[83],"to":[84,97,163,166],"model":[85],"semantics":[87,118,140],"application":[90,102],"protocols,":[91],"we":[92],"investigate":[93],"new":[95],"approach":[96,160],"classifying":[98],"traffic":[100,153],"into":[101,112],"protocols.":[103],"First":[104],"flow":[109],"are":[110,136,143],"aggregated":[111],"messages":[113,142],"that":[114,122],"contain":[115],"related":[117],"information.":[119],"We":[120],"assume":[121],"simple":[124],"message":[125,135],"like":[127],"length":[129],"direction":[132],"observable,":[137],"while":[138],"invisible":[144],"both":[146],"training":[147],"test":[149],"phases.":[150],"Tested":[151],"traces":[154],"collected":[155],"heterogeneous":[157],"sources,":[158],"was":[161],"demonstrated":[162],"be":[164],"able":[165],"deliver":[167],"good":[168],"accuracy":[169],"speed.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
