{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055953268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030790","title":"Vehicle detection based on the use of shadow region and edge","display_name":"Vehicle detection based on the use of shadow region and edge","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055953268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030790","mag":"2055953268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114255176","display_name":"Sangheon Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangheon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030442881","display_name":"Seongkoo Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongkoo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005372171","display_name":"Joongkyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joongkyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Republic of;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53821824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8878","issue":null,"first_page":"88782Y","last_page":"88782Y"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8415606021881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7435997128486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6639871001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6619875431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6278453469276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5780206918716431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-component","display_name":"Connected component","score":0.5768644213676453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5741203427314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5498164892196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5254318118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5203970670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-component-labeling","display_name":"Connected-component labeling","score":0.4814854860305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34651970863342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3218232989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.1689494252204895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8415606021881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7435997128486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6639871001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6619875431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6278453469276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5780206918716431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193435613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997928","display_name":"Connected component","level":2,"score":0.5768644213676453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5741203427314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5498164892196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5254318118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5203970670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58737948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136397","display_name":"Connected-component labeling","level":5,"score":0.4814854860305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34651970863342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3218232989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.1689494252204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3212151430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201402260577884688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568952724","https://openalex.org/W1568383588","https://openalex.org/W2773753696","https://openalex.org/W2606438808","https://openalex.org/W1980767234","https://openalex.org/W2378232816","https://openalex.org/W2170080636","https://openalex.org/W2043403682","https://openalex.org/W2898666172","https://openalex.org/W4301372113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automotive":[0],"and":[1,18,33,96,106,127,171,186,206,214],"advanced":[2],"driver":[3],"assistance":[4,212],"systems":[5,26],"have":[6],"attracted":[7],"a":[8,44,48,64,100,146,188],"great":[9],"deal":[10],"of":[11,31,81,99,158,209],"attention":[12],"lately.":[13],"In":[14,55,132],"these":[15,136],"systems,":[16,213],"effective":[17],"reliable":[19],"vehicle":[20,46,65,204],"detection":[21,205],"is":[22],"important":[23],"because":[24],"such":[25,122],"can":[27,76,87,110,153,168,216],"reduce":[28],"the":[29,52,67,72,78,82,89,94,104,107,112,130,150,155,159,173,195,207,210],"number":[30],"accidents":[32],"save":[34],"human\u2019":[35],"lives.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"describes":[39],"an":[40,184,222],"approach":[41],"to":[42,62,134,144,191],"detecting":[43],"forward":[45],"using":[47,71,149,163],"camera":[49],"mounted":[50],"on":[51,66],"moving":[53],"vehicle.":[54,101,160],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,75,86,109,142,152,167],"describe":[59],"two":[60],"methods":[61,199],"detect":[63,111],"road.":[68],"First,":[69],"by":[70,129,162],"vehicle\u2019s":[73,113,174],"shadow,":[74],"obtain":[77,169],"general":[79],"location":[80,157],"vehicular":[83],"candidate.":[84],"Second,":[85],"identify":[88],"strong":[90],"vertical":[91],"edges":[92],"at":[93],"left":[95],"right":[97],"position":[98],"By":[102],"combining":[103],"shadows":[105],"edge,":[108],"location.":[114,175],"But":[115],"other":[116,137],"regions":[117],"may":[118],"also":[119],"be":[120],"detected,":[121],"as":[123,140],"car":[124],"windows,":[125],"reflections,":[126],"illumination":[128],"sun.":[131],"order":[133],"remove":[135],"factors,":[138],"defined":[139],"noises,":[141],"need":[143],"use":[145],"filter.":[147],"After":[148],"filter,":[151],"calculate":[154],"exact":[156],"Additionally,":[161],"connected":[164,181],"component":[165,177],"labeling,":[166],"coordinates":[170],"establish":[172],"Connected":[176],"labeling":[178],"find":[179],"all":[180,192],"components":[182],"in":[183,194],"image":[185],"assigns":[187],"unique":[189],"label":[190],"points":[193],"same":[196],"component.":[197],"These":[198],"are":[200],"very":[201],"useful":[202],"for":[203],"development":[208],"driving":[211],"they":[215],"protect":[217],"drivers\u2019":[218],"safety":[219],"from":[220],"having":[221],"accident.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}