{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067564854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030562","title":"Anomaly detection in crowds using a space MRF with incremental updates","display_name":"Anomaly detection in crowds using a space MRF with incremental updates","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067564854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030562","mag":"2067564854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419530","display_name":"Nannan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-6766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nannan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778603","display_name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352764","display_name":"Xinyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)","The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084558732","display_name":"Guoyuan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyuan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69125745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8878","issue":null,"first_page":"88782J","last_page":"88782J"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8019111156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.7396466732025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.689081072807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6002233624458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.565596342086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.5557335615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5506599545478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.5106154084205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5043233633041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4810469448566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.46015647053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45100274682044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.42993980646133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.4237549304962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4152519702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.22825157642364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.2276807427406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19640544056892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10952144861221313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8019111156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.7396466732025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.689081072807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6002233624458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.565596342086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.5557335615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5506599545478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.5106154084205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5043233633041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4810469448566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46015647053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45100274682044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42993980646133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.4237549304962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4152519702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.22825157642364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2276807427406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19640544056892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10952144861221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2030562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-105078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-105078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-105078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000328500600091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155354377","https://openalex.org/W2620469466","https://openalex.org/W2011323037","https://openalex.org/W4244119470","https://openalex.org/W2002381192","https://openalex.org/W4361022438","https://openalex.org/W2386749094","https://openalex.org/W3138277141","https://openalex.org/W1981978224","https://openalex.org/W39598702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,103,141],"propose":[4],"a":[5,53,71,86,138,143,166],"space":[6,36],"Markov":[7],"Random":[8],"Field":[9],"(MRF)":[10],"model":[11,74,107,158],"to":[12,111,146,153,159],"detect":[13],"abnormal":[14,132],"activities":[15],"in":[16,35,99],"crowded":[17],"scenes.":[18],"The":[19,41],"nodes":[20,34,66],"of":[21,25,44,78,81,126,148,169,184],"MRF":[22,109],"graph":[23,110],"consist":[24],"monitors":[26],"evenly":[27],"spread":[28],"on":[29,172],"the":[30,105,123,127,135,156,173,182],"image,":[31],"and":[32,108,120,179],"neighboring":[33],"are":[37,49],"associated":[38],"with":[39,137],"links.":[40],"normal":[42,130],"patterns":[43,97],"activity":[45],"at":[46,89],"each":[47,90,117],"node":[48,91,128],"learnt":[50,106],"by":[51,69,133],"constructing":[52],"Gaussian":[54,73],"Mixture":[55],"Model":[56],"(GMM)":[57],"upon":[58,75],"optical":[59,82,95],"flow":[60,83,96],"locally,":[61],"while":[62],"correlation":[63],"between":[64],"adjacent":[65],"is":[67,129],"represented":[68],"building":[70],"single":[72],"inner":[76],"product":[77],"histogram":[79],"vectors":[80],"observed":[84],"from":[85],"region":[87],"centered":[88],"respectively.":[92],"For":[93],"any":[94],"detected":[98],"test":[100],"video":[101],"clips,":[102],"use":[104],"calculate":[112],"an":[113],"energy":[114],"value":[115,136],"for":[116,150,161],"local":[118],"node,":[119],"determine":[121],"whether":[122],"behavior":[124],"pattern":[125],"or":[131],"comparing":[134],"threshold.":[139],"Further,":[140],"apply":[142],"method":[144],"similar":[145],"updating":[147],"GMM":[149],"background":[151],"subtraction":[152],"incrementally":[154],"update":[155],"current":[157],"adapt":[160],"visual":[162],"context":[163],"changes":[164],"over":[165],"long":[167],"period":[168],"time.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"published":[174],"UCSD":[175],"anomaly":[176],"datasets":[177],"Ped1":[178],"Ped2":[180],"show":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"our":[185],"method.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}