{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095300809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028962","title":"Multi-chromatic analysis of SAR images for target analysis","display_name":"Multi-chromatic analysis of SAR images for target analysis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095300809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028962","mag":"2095300809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2028962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089717620","display_name":"Fabio Bovenga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Bovenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031955710","display_name":"Dominique Derauw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-100X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominique Derauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. de Li\u00e8ge (Belgium)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. de Li\u00e8ge (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023794164","display_name":"Christian Barbier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Barbier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. de Li\u00e8ge (Belgium)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. de Li\u00e8ge (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031019636","display_name":"Fabio Michele Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio M. Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000794994","display_name":"Alberto Refice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1895-5166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Refice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081280278","display_name":"N. Veneziani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Veneziani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019621089","display_name":"Raffaele Vitulli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Vitulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Space Agency-ESTEC (Netherlands)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Space Agency-ESTEC (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089717620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82447318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8891","issue":null,"first_page":"889104","last_page":"889104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.7707734107971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5932176113128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5495051145553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5236744284629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.47057268023490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.450775146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.43812069296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4345601797103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3708649277687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3287425935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2510436773300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13921982049942017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7707734107971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5932176113128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5495051145553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5236744284629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.47057268023490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.450775146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43812069296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4345601797103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3708649277687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3287425935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2510436773300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13921982049942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2028962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988809445","https://openalex.org/W2112026144","https://openalex.org/W2045753504","https://openalex.org/W2016541458","https://openalex.org/W4248877799","https://openalex.org/W2128409859","https://openalex.org/W2102036934","https://openalex.org/W4249003478","https://openalex.org/W2045227467","https://openalex.org/W4293327199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-Chromatic":[0],"Analysis":[1],"(MCA)":[2],"of":[3,15,57,60,74,92,98,134,151,159,163,174],"SAR":[4,63,154],"images":[5,10,106,220,259,267],"relays":[6],"on":[7,108,186,214,222,240],"exploring":[8],"sub-band":[9,172],"obtained":[11],"by":[12,145,217],"processing":[13],"portions":[14],"range":[16],"spectrum":[17],"located":[18],"at":[19,95],"different":[20],"frequency":[21,85],"positions.":[22],"It":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25,113,123],"applied":[26],"to":[27,90,115,125,171,210,228,230,277],"interferometric":[28],"pairs":[29],"for":[30,65,198,245],"phase":[31],"uwrapping":[32],"and":[33,49,54,103,118,130,136],"height":[34],"computation.":[35],"This":[36,176],"work":[37],"investigates":[38],"two":[39],"promising":[40],"applications:":[41],"the":[42,45,50,55,72,84,96,109,127,131,139,147,157,207,241,264],"comparison":[43],"between":[44,149],"frequency-persistent":[46],"scatterers":[47,52,191],"(PS<sub>fd</sub>)":[48],"temporal-persistent":[51],"(PS),":[53],"use":[56],"inter-band":[58],"coherence":[59,148,167,185,202,209,234,266],"a":[61,152,160,273],"single":[62,153],"image":[64],"vessel":[66,212,279],"detection.":[67,280],"The":[68],"MCA":[69],"technique":[70],"introduces":[71],"concept":[73],"frequency-stable":[75],"targets,":[76],"i.e.":[77],"objects":[78],"exhibiting":[79],"stable":[80],"radar":[81],"returns":[82],"across":[83],"domain":[86],"which":[87,268],"is":[88,143,178,203,238],"complementary":[89,274],"that":[91,253],"temporal":[93],"stability":[94],"base":[97],"PS":[99],"interferometry.":[100],"Both":[101],"spotlight":[102,219],"stripmap":[104],"TerraSAR-X":[105],"acquired":[107,221],"Venice":[110,223],"Lagoon":[111],"have":[112,122],"processed":[114],"identify":[116],"PS<sub>fd</sub>":[117,135],"PS.":[119,137],"Different":[120],"populations":[121],"analyzed":[124],"evaluate":[126],"respective":[128],"characteristics":[129],"physical":[132],"nature":[133],"Concerning":[138],"spectral":[140,166,184,201,208,233,265],"coherence,":[141],"it":[142],"derived":[144],"computing":[146],"sub-images":[150],"acquisition.":[155],"In":[156],"presence":[158],"random":[161],"distribution":[162,192],"surface":[164],"scatterers,":[165],"must":[168],"be":[169,270],"proportional":[170],"intersection":[173],"sub-images.":[175],"model":[177],"fully":[179],"verified":[180],"when":[181],"observing":[182],"measured":[183],"open":[187],"see":[188],"areas.":[189],"If":[190],"departs":[193],"from":[194],"this":[195,236],"distribution,":[196],"as":[197,272],"manmade":[199],"structures,":[200],"preserved.":[204],"We":[205],"investigated":[206],"perform":[211],"detection":[213],"sea":[215],"background":[216,226],"using":[218],"Lagoon.":[224],"Sea":[225],"tends":[227],"lead":[229],"very":[231,246],"low":[232],"while":[235],"latter":[237],"preserved":[239],"targeted":[242],"vessels,":[243],"even":[244],"small":[247],"ones.":[248],"A":[249],"first":[250],"analysis":[251],"shows":[252],"all":[254],"vessels":[255],"observable":[256],"in":[257,263],"intensity":[258],"are":[260],"easily":[261],"detected":[262],"can":[269],"used":[271],"information":[275],"channel":[276],"constrain":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
