{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012011234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008523","title":"Goal-oriented evaluation of binarization algorithms for historical document images","display_name":"Goal-oriented evaluation of binarization algorithms for historical document images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012011234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008523","mag":"2012011234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2008523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040578359","display_name":"Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Missouri-Columbia (United States)","University of Missouri, Columbia, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Missouri-Columbia (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023698748","display_name":"Gady Agam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gady Agam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology (United States)","Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59004268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8658","issue":null,"first_page":"86580S","last_page":"86580S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8168108463287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.7255473732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.6594773530960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-document","display_name":"Historical document","score":0.5968582034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5880519151687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.5258246660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4907921254634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4608025550842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4572060704231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.44785574078559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4344017803668976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.42334163188934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-image-processing","display_name":"Document image processing","score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-layout-analysis","display_name":"Document layout analysis","score":0.4162788689136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40167587995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36003804206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08443433046340942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8168108463287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.7255473732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.6594773530960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771738","display_name":"Historical document","level":2,"score":0.5968582034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5880519151687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.5258246660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4907921254634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4608025550842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4572060704231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.44785574078559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4344017803668976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42334163188934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379942","display_name":"Document image processing","level":4,"score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72773152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287629","display_name":"Document layout analysis","level":3,"score":0.4162788689136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40167587995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36003804206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08443433046340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2008523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bearworks.missouristate.edu:articles-cnas-4131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/articles-cnas/3132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196450","display_name":"BearWorks (Missouri State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119942284","host_organization_name":"Missouri State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College of Natural and Applied Sciences","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2573990671","https://openalex.org/W2786527349","https://openalex.org/W2131730163","https://openalex.org/W2079703172","https://openalex.org/W1988371238","https://openalex.org/W2037668370","https://openalex.org/W2003405084","https://openalex.org/W1975383682","https://openalex.org/W3046471831","https://openalex.org/W2051072213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binarization":[0],"is":[1,10,48],"of":[2,29,31,41,49,66,70,101,122,129,145,153],"significant":[3],"importance":[4],"in":[5,77,90,96],"document":[6,25,33,54,86],"analysis":[7,55],"systems.":[8],"It":[9],"an":[11,140],"essential":[12],"first":[13],"step,":[14],"prior":[15],"to":[16,44,52,131,150],"further":[17],"stages":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20,110,112,156,158],"Optical":[21],"Character":[22],"Recognition":[23],"(OCR),":[24],"segmentation,":[26],"or":[27],"enhancement":[28],"readability":[30],"the":[32,53,71,78,83,91,97,102,106,113,123,132,143],"after":[34],"some":[35],"restoration":[36],"stages.":[37],"Hence,":[38],"proper":[39],"evaluation":[40,65,121,134],"binarization":[42,73,108],"methods":[43,74,147],"verify":[45],"their":[46],"effectiveness":[47,144],"great":[50],"value":[51],"community.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"work,":[59],"we":[60],"perform":[61],"a":[62],"detailed":[63],"goal-oriented":[64],"image":[67,98,154],"quality":[68,99,130,155],"assessment":[69,100],"18":[72],"that":[75],"participated":[76],"DIBCO":[79,133],"2011":[80],"competition":[81],"using":[82],"16":[84],"historical":[85],"test":[87],"images":[88],"used":[89],"contest.":[92],"We":[93,118],"are":[94],"interested":[95],"outputs":[103],"generated":[104],"by":[105],"different":[107],"algorithms":[109,124],"well":[111,157],"OCR":[114,159],"performance,":[115],"where":[116],"possible.":[117],"compare":[119],"our":[120],"based":[125],"on":[126],"human":[127,151],"perception":[128,152],"metrics.":[135],"The":[136],"results":[137],"obtained":[138],"provide":[139],"insight":[141],"into":[142],"these":[146],"with":[148],"respect":[149],"performance.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
