{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041638751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008428","title":"Figure of merit for macrouniformity based on image quality ruler evaluation and machine learning framework","display_name":"Figure of merit for macrouniformity based on image quality ruler evaluation and machine learning framework","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041638751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008428","mag":"2041638751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2008428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014882421","display_name":"Weibao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weibao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue Univ.  (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue Univ.  (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025473215","display_name":"Gary Overall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154586514","display_name":"Lexmark (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00basdj35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Overall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","Lexmark International Inc. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079896549","display_name":"Travis Riggs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154586514","display_name":"Lexmark (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00basdj35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Riggs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","Lexmark International Inc. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027758785","display_name":"Rebecca Silveston-Keith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154586514","display_name":"Lexmark (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00basdj35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Silveston-Keith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","Lexmark International Inc. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045411753","display_name":"Julie G. Whitney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-1456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154586514","display_name":"Lexmark (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00basdj35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Whitney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","Lexmark International Inc. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexmark International Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154586514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013345212","display_name":"George T.\u2010C. Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-2821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue Univ.  (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue Univ.  (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043967979","display_name":"Jan P. Allebach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5608-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan P. Allebach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue Univ.  (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue Univ.  (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Purdue University, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014882421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77670518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8653","issue":null,"first_page":"86530P","last_page":"86530P"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7217196226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruler","display_name":"Ruler","score":0.70138019323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6615358591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6569121479988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.649215579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.6005704402923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5841119885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5821630358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5173680186271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43018990755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41405153274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.39772823452949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38877710700035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32989686727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19082149863243103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7217196226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165743212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104555","display_name":"Ruler","level":2,"score":0.70138019323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6615358591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6569121479988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.649215579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.6005704402923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5841119885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5821630358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5173680186271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43018990755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41405153274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39772823452949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38877710700035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32989686727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19082149863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2008428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314732661","https://openalex.org/W2375237205","https://openalex.org/W2483832295","https://openalex.org/W4390263629","https://openalex.org/W4250214934","https://openalex.org/W2350235969","https://openalex.org/W3127753944","https://openalex.org/W2353018298","https://openalex.org/W2385404552","https://openalex.org/W4391122798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessment":[0],"of":[1,14,67,97,109,168,178,210],"macro-uniformity":[2,71],"is":[3,7,19],"a":[4,22,95,122,166],"capability":[5],"that":[6,24,115,148],"important":[8],"for":[9,46,165],"the":[10,47,52,59,65,68,116,172,183,194,198,208],"development":[11],"and":[12,35,51,79,131,143,171,193],"manufacture":[13],"printer":[15],"products.":[16],"Our":[17,112],"goal":[18],"to":[20,88,125,135,181],"develop":[21],"metric":[23],"will":[25],"predict":[26],"macro-uniformity,":[27],"as":[28],"judged":[29],"by":[30,33],"human":[31],"subjects,":[32],"scanning":[34],"analyzing":[36],"printed":[37],"pages.":[38],"We":[39,56,128],"consider":[40],"two":[41,184],"different":[42,104,185],"machine":[43,201],"learning":[44],"frameworks":[45],"metric:":[48],"linear":[49,191],"regression":[50,192],"support":[53,199],"vector":[54,200],"machine.":[55],"have":[57],"implemented":[58,132],"image":[60,117,156,174],"quality":[61,118,157,175],"ruler,":[62],"based":[63,153,189,196],"on":[64,154,190,197],"recommendations":[66],"INCITS":[69],"W1.1":[70],"team.":[72],"Using":[73,203],"12":[74],"subjects":[75,81],"at":[76,82],"Purdue":[77],"University":[78],"20":[80],"Lexmark,":[83],"evenly":[84],"balanced":[85],"with":[86,94,106],"respect":[87],"gender,":[89],"we":[90,149,160,206],"conducted":[91],"subjective":[92],"evaluations":[93],"set":[96,167],"35":[98],"uniform":[99],"b/w":[100],"prints":[101],"from":[102],"seven":[103],"printers":[105],"five":[107],"levels":[108],"tint":[110],"coverage.":[111],"results":[113],"suggest":[114],"ruler":[119,176],"method":[120],"provides":[121],"reliable":[123],"means":[124],"assess":[126],"macro-uniformity.":[127],"then":[129],"defined":[130],"separate":[133],"features":[134,163],"measure":[136],"graininess,":[137],"mottle,":[138],"large":[139],"area":[140],"variation,":[141],"jitter,":[142],"large-scale":[144],"non-uniformity.":[145],"The":[146],"algorithms":[147],"used":[150,161],"are":[151],"largely":[152],"ISO":[155],"standards.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"these":[162,179],"computed":[164],"test":[169],"pages":[170,180],"subjects'":[173],"assessments":[177],"train":[182],"predictors":[186],"-":[187],"one":[188],"other":[195],"(SVM).":[202],"five-fold":[204],"cross-validation,":[205],"confirmed":[207],"efficacy":[209],"our":[211],"predictor.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
