{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029393449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007225","title":"A flexible toolkit for rapid GPU-based generation of DRRs for 2D-3D registration","display_name":"A flexible toolkit for rapid GPU-based generation of DRRs for 2D-3D registration","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029393449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007225","mag":"2029393449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2007225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023552748","display_name":"Grant Marchelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grant Marchelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)","University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084866341","display_name":"David R. Haynor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-7426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Haynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)","University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017942635","display_name":"William R. Ledoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-7714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Ledoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)","University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029927430","display_name":"Richard Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. College London (United Kingdom)","Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. College London (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072289905","display_name":"Duane Storti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-2022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duane Storti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)","University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023552748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1154622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8669","issue":null,"first_page":"86691C","last_page":"86691C"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8935134410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.6450726985931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.5113455653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4896464943885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.4841945469379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4819205105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simd","display_name":"SIMD","score":0.44339823722839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.4364798963069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.43464338779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.42388230562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4205933213233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.41776642203330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3498040437698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.34644848108291626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8935134410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6450726985931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.5113455653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4896464943885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.4841945469379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4819205105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150552126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339387","display_name":"SIMD","level":2,"score":0.44339823722839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.4364798963069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.43464338779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.42388230562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4205933213233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.41776642203330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3498040437698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.34644848108291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2007225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332403","display_name":"Rehabilitation Research and Development Service","ror":"https://ror.org/008qp6e21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W2153506571","https://openalex.org/W3104348697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"initial":[3,210],"performance":[4],"results":[5,222],"for":[6,24,111,181,201,223],"a":[7,57,108,224,238,251],"software":[8,145],"toolkit":[9,62,176,218],"that":[10,189,216],"implements":[11],"GPU-based":[12],"parallel":[13],"computation":[14],"of":[15,36,56,79,161,196,232],"digitally":[16],"reconstructed":[17],"radiographs":[18],"(DRRs)":[19],"from":[20,53],"volumetric":[21,47,70,130],"imaging":[22,48,55,71],"data":[23,49,131,236],"2D-3D":[25],"registration.":[26],"The":[27,45,143],"computational":[28,82,109],"parallelism":[29],"is":[30,52],"achieved":[31],"using":[32,123],"NVIDIA\u2019s":[33],"CUDA":[34],"implementation":[35,75],"general":[37],"purpose":[38],"computing":[39],"on":[40,237,250],"the":[41,61,89,115,129,175,190,194,217],"graphics":[42],"processing":[43],"unit.":[44],"sample":[46],"shown":[50],"here":[51],"CT":[54],"cadaveric":[58],"foot,":[59],"but":[60],"can":[63,177,219],"be":[64],"applied":[65],"equally":[66],"well":[67],"to":[68,88,95,127,135,149,183,214],"other":[69],"data.":[72,99],"An":[73],"efficient":[74,119,156],"requires":[76],"launching":[77,107],"hundreds":[78],"simultaneous,":[80],"independent":[81,179],"threads":[83],"and":[84,97,117,132,159,168,198,249],"fast":[85,103,211],"thread":[86,110],"access":[87,121],"global":[90,137],"memory":[91,120,126,134,157],"where":[92],"they":[93],"need":[94],"read":[96],"write":[98],"We":[100,187],"have":[101],"implemented":[102],"DRR":[104,212],"generation":[105],"by":[106,122],"each":[112],"pixel":[113,244,255],"in":[114,246,257],"image,":[116],"achieve":[118],"3D":[124],"texture":[125],"store":[128,136,150],"constant":[133],"information":[138],"such":[139],"as":[140],"intensifier":[141],"coordinates.":[142],"Thrust":[144],"library":[146],"was":[147],"used":[148],"individual":[151,173],"bone":[152],"DRRs,":[153,174],"which":[154],"enables":[155],"transfer":[158],"use":[160],"built-in":[162],"device":[163],"operators":[164],"during":[165],"image":[166],"compositing":[167],"similarity":[169],"quantification.":[170],"By":[171],"storing":[172],"support":[178],"kinematics":[180],"up":[182],"32":[184],"segmented":[185],"objects.":[186],"show":[188],"algorithm":[191],"scales":[192],"with":[193],"number":[195],"processors":[197],"compare":[199],"timings":[200],"three":[202],"commercially":[203],"available":[204],"GPUs.":[205],"Here":[206],"we":[207],"present":[208],"our":[209],"computations":[213],"demonstrate":[215],"produce":[220],"useful":[221],"full":[225],"160":[226],"&times;":[227,229,242,253],"339":[228],"439":[230],"stack":[231],"floating":[233],"point":[234],"density":[235],"high":[239],"resolution":[240],"1152":[241],"896":[243],"screen":[245,256],"1.3":[247],"ms":[248],"512":[252,254],"less":[258],"than":[259],"0.6":[260],"ms.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
