{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981901446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007088","title":"Optimal filter approach for the detection of vessel bifurcations in color fundus images","display_name":"Optimal filter approach for the detection of vessel bifurcations in color fundus images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981901446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007088","mag":"1981901446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2007088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049002704","display_name":"Qiao Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032968409","display_name":"Mona K. Garvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135841","display_name":"Iowa City VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03r9k1585","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210132647","https://openalex.org/I4210135841","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona K. Garvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa City VA Medical Ctr. (United States)","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa City VA Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135841"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016855297","display_name":"Mark Christopher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033831630","display_name":"Xiayu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-0454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiayu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029284998","display_name":"Todd E. Scheetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. E. Scheetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036660665","display_name":"Michael D. Abr\u00e0moff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802216851","display_name":"University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2swc55","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I2802216851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135841","display_name":"Iowa City VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03r9k1585","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210132647","https://openalex.org/I4210135841","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Abramoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa City VA Medical Ctr. (United States)","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","The Univ. of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa City VA Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135841"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802216851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08461435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8669","issue":null,"first_page":"866920","last_page":"866920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9244999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.705744206905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.639897346496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6019107699394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6013540029525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5919250249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5120261311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifurcation","display_name":"Bifurcation","score":0.4976852238178253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.49746230244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-morphology","display_name":"Mathematical morphology","score":0.4945788085460663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4250103831291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4224494993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.41734778881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36928266286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.06694066524505615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.705744206905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.639897346496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6019107699394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6013540029525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5919250249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5120261311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.4976852238178253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.49746230244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185568154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530242","display_name":"Mathematical morphology","level":4,"score":0.4945788085460663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4250103831291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4224494993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.41734778881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36928266286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.06694066524505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2007088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357143406","https://openalex.org/W2349459011","https://openalex.org/W2378070670","https://openalex.org/W2429125578","https://openalex.org/W1658259736","https://openalex.org/W2349950585","https://openalex.org/W4300235817","https://openalex.org/W2383748970","https://openalex.org/W2041406494","https://openalex.org/W2163448995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bifurcations":[0],"of":[1,53,59,91,101,121],"retinal":[2],"vessels":[3],"in":[4,19,118],"fundus":[5,109,115],"images":[6,97,110],"are":[7],"important":[8,17],"structures":[9],"clinically":[10],"and":[11,27,61,76,98,111],"their":[12],"detection":[13,40],"is":[14,80,105],"also":[15],"an":[16,119],"component":[18],"image":[20],"processing":[21],"algorithms":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24,85],"registration,":[25],"segmentation":[26],"change":[28],"detection.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"develop":[34],"a":[35,51,67,71,88,127],"method":[36,104],"for":[37,70],"direct":[38],"bifurcation":[39],"based":[41],"on":[42,107,113],"the":[43],"optimal":[44],"filter":[45],"framework.":[46],"This":[47,78],"approach":[48,79],"first":[49],"generates":[50],"set":[52],"filters":[54],"to":[55,65,73,126],"represent":[56],"all":[57],"cases":[58],"bifurcations,":[60],"then":[62],"uses":[63,87],"them":[64],"generate":[66],"feature":[68],"space":[69],"classifier":[72],"distinguish":[74],"bifurcations":[75],"non-bifurcations.":[77],"different":[81],"from":[82],"previous":[83],"methods":[84],"it":[86],"minimal":[89],"number":[90],"assumptions,":[92],"essentially":[93],"only":[94],"requiring":[95],"training":[96],"expert":[99],"annotations":[100],"bifurcations.":[102],"The":[103],"trained":[106],"60":[108],"tested":[112],"20":[114],"images,":[116],"resulting":[117],"AUC":[120],"0.883,":[122],"which":[123],"compares":[124],"well":[125],"human":[128],"expert.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
