{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167360947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006339","title":"Optic disk localization by a robust fusion method","display_name":"Optic disk localization by a robust fusion method","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167360947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006339","mag":"2167360947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2006339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006339","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8670/86702G/Optic-disk-localization-by-a-robust-fusion-method/10.1117/12.2006339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8670/86702G/Optic-disk-localization-by-a-robust-fusion-method/10.1117/12.2006339.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102719155","display_name":"Jielin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-0632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jielin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111473819","display_name":"Fengshou Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengshou Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015497605","display_name":"Damon Wing Kee Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damon W. K. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325209","display_name":"Jiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057053486","display_name":"Mani Baskaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-7387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mani Baskaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032933669","display_name":"Ching\u2010Yu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-885X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072258594","display_name":"Tien Yin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien Yin Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102719155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18183386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8670","issue":null,"first_page":"86702G","last_page":"86702G"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8440192937850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7113096714019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-disk","display_name":"Optic disk","score":0.6484584808349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6322602033615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5907517671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-disc","display_name":"Optic disc","score":0.5767661333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.5468400120735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"Glaucoma","score":0.40222519636154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.397657185792923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13382458686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.0790192186832428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8440192937850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7113096714019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983497740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16873995","display_name":"Optic disk","level":3,"score":0.6484584808349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6322602033615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5907517671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779735895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16873995","display_name":"Optic disc","level":3,"score":0.5767661333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5468400120735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.40222519636154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.397657185792923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13382458686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0790192186832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2006339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006339","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8670/86702G/Optic-disk-localization-by-a-robust-fusion-method/10.1117/12.2006339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.913.1677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.913.1677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/18648/Optic%20disk%20localization%20by%20a%20robust%20fusion%20method.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3DE51525929E6166D03D102A235FBDCBA6?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/98602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/98602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2006339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006339","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8670/86702G/Optic-disk-localization-by-a-robust-fusion-method/10.1117/12.2006339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167360947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167360947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66238360","https://openalex.org/W1585932041","https://openalex.org/W1974969377","https://openalex.org/W2079160211","https://openalex.org/W2110256471","https://openalex.org/W2122644916","https://openalex.org/W2123303981","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W6679367408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534129789","https://openalex.org/W2766736746","https://openalex.org/W2300899071","https://openalex.org/W1700148625","https://openalex.org/W2186399002","https://openalex.org/W3149002813","https://openalex.org/W2995856751","https://openalex.org/W3012443358","https://openalex.org/W1586266070","https://openalex.org/W1472847517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,83,98,135,155,178,193],"optic":[1,41,58],"disk":[2,42,59],"localization":[3,38],"plays":[4],"an":[5,31,126,190],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,43,205],"developing":[9],"computer-aided":[10],"diagnosis":[11],"(CAD)":[12],"systems":[13],"for":[14,36,174,199],"ocular":[15],"diseases":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"glaucoma,":[19],"diabetic":[20],"retinopathy":[21],"and":[22,104,115,144,185],"age-related":[23],"macula":[24],"degeneration.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,200],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"intelligent":[32,127],"fusion":[33,128],"of":[34,39,56,78,111,150,169],"methods":[35,122],"the":[37,40,54,57,65,72,75,87,92,95,102,109,132,141,145,159,175],"retinal":[44,206],"fundus":[45],"images.":[46],"Three":[47],"different":[48],"approaches":[49],"are":[50,123],"developed":[51],"to":[52,130,202],"detect":[53],"location":[55],"separately.":[60],"first":[62],"method":[63,100,129,180,187,201],"is":[64,86],"maximum":[66],"vessel":[67,80,113],"crossing":[68,81],"method,":[69,90],"which":[70,188],"finds":[71],"region":[73],"with":[74,94,152],"most":[76],"number":[77],"blood":[79,112],"points.":[82],"second":[84],"one":[85],"multichannel":[88],"thresholding":[89],"targeting":[91],"area":[93],"highest":[96],"intensity.":[97],"final":[99],"searches":[101],"vertical":[103],"horizontal":[105],"region-of-interest":[106],"separately":[107],"on":[108,140,158],"basis":[110],"structure":[114],"neighborhood":[116],"entropy":[117],"profile.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"these":[120],"three":[121],"combined":[124],"using":[125],"improve":[131],"overall":[133],"accuracy.":[134],"proposed":[136,179],"algorithm":[137],"was":[138],"tested":[139],"STARE":[142,160],"database":[143,161],"ORIGA<sup>light</sup>":[146,176],"database,":[147],"each":[148,182],"consisting":[149],"images":[151],"various":[153],"pathologies.":[154],"preliminary":[156],"result":[157,168,194],"can":[162,171],"achieve":[163],"81.5%,":[164],"while":[165],"a":[166,196],"higher":[167],"99%":[170],"be":[172,203],"obtained":[173],"database.":[177],"outperforms":[181],"individual":[183],"approach":[184],"state-of-the-art":[186],"utilizes":[189],"intensity-based":[191],"approach.":[192],"demonstrates":[195],"high":[197],"potential":[198],"used":[204],"CAD":[207],"systems.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}