{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040251621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3385763","title":"Partial dependence of breast tumor malignancy on ultrasound image features derived from boosted trees","display_name":"Partial dependence of breast tumor malignancy on ultrasound image features derived from boosted trees","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040251621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3385763","mag":"2040251621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.3385763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3385763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101757162","display_name":"Su Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-7740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Su Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China)","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101757162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10391755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"023004","last_page":"023004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7836955189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignancy","display_name":"Malignancy","score":0.6842229962348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6267880797386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5946900844573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5833690762519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5275508761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5074812769889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5036939978599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.49061742424964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.41711196303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4120693802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35284632444381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3173196613788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2332862913608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2306801974773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.14055520296096802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7836955189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.6842229962348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6267880797386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5946900844573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5833690762519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5275508761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5074812769889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5036939978599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.49061742424964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.41711196303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4120693802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35284632444381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3173196613788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2332862913608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2306801974773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14055520296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.3385763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3385763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167016754","https://openalex.org/W1497635134","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1963965681","https://openalex.org/W1975728777","https://openalex.org/W1979077262","https://openalex.org/W1980527762","https://openalex.org/W1980637629","https://openalex.org/W1982233362","https://openalex.org/W1991829556","https://openalex.org/W2009629689","https://openalex.org/W2019345570","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2028672930","https://openalex.org/W2034745986","https://openalex.org/W2042482167","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2076705627","https://openalex.org/W2104999075","https://openalex.org/W2119479037","https://openalex.org/W2122925473","https://openalex.org/W2126801281","https://openalex.org/W2127557005","https://openalex.org/W2142261479","https://openalex.org/W2142787402","https://openalex.org/W2144647583","https://openalex.org/W2163667253","https://openalex.org/W2164424702","https://openalex.org/W2185286444","https://openalex.org/W2534603774","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6606837198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4293151273","https://openalex.org/W3108206494","https://openalex.org/W2739726746","https://openalex.org/W4242380336","https://openalex.org/W2141272333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"computerized":[1,23,176],"features":[2,24,72,86,145,154,178],"extracted":[3,88],"from":[4],"breast":[5,15,95,194],"ultrasound":[6],"images":[7],"are":[8,63,87,146,159],"useful":[9,184],"in":[10,32,160],"assessing":[11],"the":[12,18,22,36,42,48,69,74,77,82,91,114,119,131,141,150,153,163,175,187],"malignancy":[13,27,52],"of":[14,71,76,94,106,118,127,140,152,189],"tumors.":[16,96],"However,":[17],"underlying":[19],"relationship":[20,58],"between":[21],"and":[25,54,67,157,171,181],"tumor":[26],"may":[28],"not":[29],"be":[30,183],"linear":[31],"nature.":[33],"We":[34],"use":[35],"decision":[37,78],"tree":[38,79,120],"ensemble":[39],"trained":[40],"by":[41],"cost-sensitive":[43],"boosting":[44],"algorithm":[45],"to":[46,55,65,89,148],"approximate":[47],"target":[49],"function":[50],"for":[51,179,185,193],"assessment":[53],"reflect":[56],"this":[57],"qualitatively.":[59],"Partial":[60],"dependence":[61,138],"plots":[62,139],"employed":[64],"explore":[66],"visualize":[68],"effect":[70],"on":[73,155,174],"output":[75],"ensemble.":[80],"In":[81],"experiments,":[83],"31":[84],"image":[85,177],"quantify":[90],"sonographic":[92],"characteristics":[93],"Patient":[97],"age":[98],"is":[99],"used":[100],"as":[101],"an":[102],"external":[103],"feature":[104],"because":[105],"its":[107],"high":[108],"clinical":[109],"importance.":[110],"The":[111,136,166],"area":[112],"under":[113],"receiver-operating":[115],"characteristic":[116],"curve":[117],"ensembles":[121],"can":[122,168,182],"reach":[123],"0.95":[124,128],"with":[125,162],"sensitivity":[126],"(61/64)":[129],"at":[130],"associated":[132],"specificity":[133],"0.74":[134],"(77/104).":[135],"partial":[137],"four":[142],"most":[143],"important":[144],"demonstrated":[147],"show":[149],"influence":[151],"malignancy,":[156],"they":[158],"accord":[161],"empirical":[164],"observations.":[165],"results":[167],"provide":[169],"visual":[170],"qualitative":[172],"references":[173],"physicians,":[180],"enhancing":[186],"interpretability":[188],"computer-aided":[190],"diagnosis":[191],"systems":[192],"ultrasound.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}