{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028958240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2185658","title":"Lapped-orthogonal-transform-based adaptive image watermarking","display_name":"Lapped-orthogonal-transform-based adaptive image watermarking","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028958240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2185658","mag":"2028958240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.2185658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2185658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102804608","display_name":"Yuxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5658-7360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Americas (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Americas (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102804608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75616333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"013009","last_page":"013009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.7609939575195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7283631563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7276079654693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6516562700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6431760787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6356631517410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.5719636678695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5710135698318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5134962201118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invisibility","display_name":"Invisibility","score":0.4851706624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46733367443084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4352956712245941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lapped-transform","display_name":"Lapped transform","score":0.41802695393562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.4117025136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3360467553138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24245938658714294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.7609939575195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7283631563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7276079654693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6516562700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6431760787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6356631517410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.5719636678695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5710135698318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5134962201118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50962388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762018","display_name":"Invisibility","level":2,"score":0.4851706624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46733367443084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4352956712245941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91458471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096468","display_name":"Lapped transform","level":5,"score":0.41802695393562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.4117025136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3360467553138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24245938658714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.2185658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2185658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.158.8719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.158.8719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cerias.purdue.edu/ssl/techreports-ssl/JEI013009.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963947746","https://openalex.org/W1970633409","https://openalex.org/W1984972954","https://openalex.org/W1987406538","https://openalex.org/W2005800489","https://openalex.org/W2048180650","https://openalex.org/W2058000805","https://openalex.org/W2083992397","https://openalex.org/W2098827397","https://openalex.org/W2100781549","https://openalex.org/W2102244995","https://openalex.org/W2102773343","https://openalex.org/W2106069707","https://openalex.org/W2106071377","https://openalex.org/W2109759014","https://openalex.org/W2115002753","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2132385717","https://openalex.org/W2139761830","https://openalex.org/W2140196014","https://openalex.org/W2140954067","https://openalex.org/W2141852054","https://openalex.org/W2144520790","https://openalex.org/W2148016920","https://openalex.org/W2154890510","https://openalex.org/W2161647295","https://openalex.org/W2161695581","https://openalex.org/W2163884469","https://openalex.org/W2164413944","https://openalex.org/W2165046009","https://openalex.org/W2165891022","https://openalex.org/W3021579373","https://openalex.org/W4231372369","https://openalex.org/W6675175335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205836422","https://openalex.org/W2391962742","https://openalex.org/W2352631023","https://openalex.org/W1938750689","https://openalex.org/W3107903861","https://openalex.org/W19936453","https://openalex.org/W2046590169","https://openalex.org/W2362039021","https://openalex.org/W1843629870","https://openalex.org/W1939025019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"robust,":[1],"invisible":[2],"watermarking":[3,29,45],"scheme":[4,46],"is":[5,13,114,150],"proposed":[6],"for":[7,158],"digital":[8],"images,":[9],"where":[10],"the":[11,16,34,54,62,71,74,101,104,132,144,154],"watermark":[12,49,75,105,155],"embedded":[14],"using":[15,127],"block-based":[17],"lapped":[18],"orthogonal":[19],"transform":[20],"(LOT).":[21],"The":[22,147],"embedding":[23,50,156],"process":[24],"follows":[25],"a":[26,77,82,92,128],"spread":[27],"spectrum":[28],"approach.":[30],"In":[31,60,108],"contrast":[32],"to":[33,98,143,152],"use":[35,63,91],"of":[36,57,64,73,103,118],"transforms":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39,131],"discrete":[40],"cosine":[41],"transform,":[42],"our":[43,109],"LOT":[44,65],"allows":[47],"larger":[48],"energy":[51,102],"while":[52],"maintaining":[53],"same":[55],"level":[56],"subjective":[58],"invisibility.":[59],"particular,":[61],"reduces":[66],"block":[67,113,148],"artifacts":[68],"caused":[69],"by":[70,126],"insertion":[72],"in":[76],"block-by-block":[78],"manner,":[79],"hence":[80],"obtaining":[81],"better":[83],"balance":[84],"between":[85],"invisibility":[86],"and":[87,124],"robustness.":[88],"Moreover,":[89],"we":[90],"human":[93],"visual":[94],"system":[95],"(HVS)":[96],"model":[97],"adaptively":[99],"adjust":[100,153],"during":[106],"embedding.":[107],"HVS":[110],"model,":[111],"each":[112,159],"categorized":[115],"into":[116],"one":[117],"four":[119],"classes":[120],"(texture,":[121],"fine-texture,":[122],"edge,":[123],"plain-area)":[125],"feature":[129],"known":[130],"texture":[133],"masking":[134],"energy.":[135],"Blocks":[136],"with":[137],"edges":[138],"are":[139],"also":[140],"classified":[141],"according":[142],"edge":[145],"direction.":[146],"classification":[149],"used":[151],"parameters":[157],"block.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
