{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030167039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2039091","title":"Diffusion constructs in optical flow computation","display_name":"Diffusion constructs in optical flow computation","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030167039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2039091","mag":"2030167039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.2039091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2039091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045752970","display_name":"Joan Condell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joan V. Condell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Ulster at Magee College (United Kingdom)","University of Ulster at Magee College, Northland Road, Londonderry, Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Ulster at Magee College (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ulster at Magee College, Northland Road, Londonderry, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105285988","display_name":"Bryan Scotney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan W. Scotney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Ulster (United Kingdom)","University of Ulster at Coleraine , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Ulster (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ulster at Coleraine , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073991","display_name":"Philip Morrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip J. Morrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Ulster (United Kingdom)","University of Ulster at Coleraine , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Ulster (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ulster at Coleraine , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045752970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12680859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"033008","last_page":"033008"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6720694303512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5427489876747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4840080440044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.4815014600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4399513006210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.43173229694366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4161338210105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35453519225120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.350366473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.27379071712493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24965691566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2351202368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18621861934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.14550265669822693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6720694303512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5427489876747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4840080440044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.4815014600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4399513006210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43173229694366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4161338210105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35453519225120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.350366473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.27379071712493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24965691566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2351202368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18621861934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.14550265669822693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.2039091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2039091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544863879","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1583327050","https://openalex.org/W2025510965","https://openalex.org/W2031555400","https://openalex.org/W2031912957","https://openalex.org/W2081171933","https://openalex.org/W2100315781","https://openalex.org/W2112328181","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2121025289","https://openalex.org/W2130657708","https://openalex.org/W2138726987","https://openalex.org/W2142180517","https://openalex.org/W2157622201","https://openalex.org/W2160559847","https://openalex.org/W2179278902","https://openalex.org/W2283325722","https://openalex.org/W2304502307","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W3003662786","https://openalex.org/W6698170012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383807498","https://openalex.org/W1978572805","https://openalex.org/W1997992934","https://openalex.org/W1987225439","https://openalex.org/W4238188170","https://openalex.org/W2125114371","https://openalex.org/W2019977573","https://openalex.org/W2149980199","https://openalex.org/W3125766170","https://openalex.org/W2040641410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"techniques":[2],"for":[3,19,141],"the":[4,27,31,40,83,88,91,94,97,116,119,126,150,176,186,190,195,200,207,213,242],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,55,90,96,149,157,189,197,199,215,221,244],"motion":[7],"estimation.":[8],"Optical":[9],"flow":[10,42,70,84,92,117,143,152],"estimation":[11],"has":[12,212],"been":[13],"proposed":[14,225],"as":[15],"a":[16,52,107,112,227,233],"preprocessing":[17],"step":[18],"many":[20],"high-level":[21],"vision":[22],"algorithms.":[23],"Gradient-based":[24,139],"approaches":[25],"compute":[26,76],"spatio-temporal":[28],"derivatives,":[29],"differentiating":[30],"image":[32,151,159],"with":[33],"respect":[34],"to":[35,75,110,184],"time":[36],"and":[37,45,60,64,133,180,218],"thus":[38],"computing":[39],"optical":[41,69,77,142],"field.":[43],"Horn":[44,132],"Schunck's":[46],"method":[47,224],"in":[48,93,115,125,155,175,236],"particular":[49],"is":[50,164,209,226,239],"considered":[51],"benchmarking":[53],"algorithm":[54],"gradient-based":[56],"differential":[57],"methods,":[58],"useful":[59],"powerful,":[61],"yet":[62],"simple":[63],"fast.":[65],"They":[66],"formulated":[67],"an":[68,158],"constraint":[71,102,153],"equation":[72,127,154],"from":[73,147],"which":[74,79,237],"flow,":[78],"cannot":[80],"fully":[81],"determine":[82],"but":[85],"can":[86,145],"give":[87],"component":[89],"direction":[95],"intensity":[98,177],"gradient.":[99],"An":[100],"additional":[101],"must":[103],"be":[104],"imposed,":[105],"introducing":[106],"supplementary":[108],"assumption":[109],"ensure":[111],"smooth":[113],"variation":[114],"across":[118],"image.":[120],"The":[121,223],"brightness":[122,162],"derivatives":[123],"involved":[124],"system":[128,243],"were":[129],"estimated":[130],"by":[131,204],"Schunck":[134],"using":[135],"first":[136],"differences":[137],"averaging.":[138],"methods":[140],"computation":[144],"suffer":[146],"unreliability":[148],"areas":[156],"where":[160,167],"local":[161],"function":[163,201],"nonlinear":[165],"or":[166,172,202],"there":[168],"are":[169],"rapid":[170],"spatial":[171],"temporal":[173],"changes":[174],"function.":[178],"Little":[179],"Verri":[181],"suggested":[182],"regularization":[183],"help":[185],"numerical":[187],"stability":[188],"solution.":[191],"Usually":[192],"this":[193],"takes":[194],"form":[196],"smoothing":[198],"surface":[203],"convolving":[205],"before":[206],"derivative":[208],"taken.":[210],"Smoothing":[211],"effects":[214],"suppressing":[216],"noise":[217],"ensuring":[219],"differentiability":[220],"discontinuities.":[222],"finite":[228],"element":[229],"method,":[230],"based":[231],"on":[232],"triangular":[234],"mesh,":[235],"diffusion":[238],"added":[240],"into":[241],"equations.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}