{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165455768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1760571","title":"Improving the detection of low-density weapons in x-ray luggage scans using image enhancement and novel scene-decluttering techniques","display_name":"Improving the detection of low-density weapons in x-ray luggage scans using image enhancement and novel scene-decluttering techniques","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165455768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1760571","mag":"2165455768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.1760571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1760571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032808299","display_name":"Jimin Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-5804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jimin Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian Univ. (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032808299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8870198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"523","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6767876148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6519954204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6413622498512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.561571478843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5313475728034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.46674543619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radon-transform","display_name":"Radon transform","score":0.41875123977661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4087805151939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3385326862335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10384389758110046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6767876148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6519954204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6413622498512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.561571478843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5313475728034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.46674543619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197231052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q979829","display_name":"Radon transform","level":2,"score":0.41875123977661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4087805151939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3385326862335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10384389758110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.1760571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1760571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6946940","https://openalex.org/W108464071","https://openalex.org/W1498782169","https://openalex.org/W1506281249","https://openalex.org/W1589539954","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1978627835","https://openalex.org/W1979920698","https://openalex.org/W1989466515","https://openalex.org/W2008748102","https://openalex.org/W2025242337","https://openalex.org/W2025887562","https://openalex.org/W2027896246","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2067092610","https://openalex.org/W2072533619","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2164243387","https://openalex.org/W2171975443","https://openalex.org/W6600279770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090091644","https://openalex.org/W3003164983","https://openalex.org/W2161229648","https://openalex.org/W2993674027","https://openalex.org/W2261663204","https://openalex.org/W2080322084","https://openalex.org/W2130228941","https://openalex.org/W2187613906","https://openalex.org/W4295539746","https://openalex.org/W2787706201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Very":[0],"few":[1],"image":[2,127],"processing":[3],"applications":[4],"have":[5],"dealt":[6],"with":[7,134],"x-ray":[8],"luggage":[9],"scenes":[10],"in":[11,16,21,140],"the":[12,40,56,64,71,91,100,103,112,122,126],"past.":[13],"Concealed":[14],"threats":[15],"general,":[17],"and":[18,74,78,108],"low-density":[19,141],"items":[20],"particular,":[22],"pose":[23],"a":[24,59,81,135],"major":[25],"challenge":[26],"to":[27,48,69,79,95],"airport":[28,117],"screeners.":[29],"A":[30,88],"simple":[31],"enhancement":[32,132],"method":[33,41],"for":[34,85],"data":[35],"decluttering":[36],"is":[37,42,67],"introduced.":[38],"Initially,":[39],"applied":[43],"using":[44,58],"manually":[45],"selected":[46],"thresholds":[47,77],"progressively":[49],"generate":[50,80],"decluttered":[51,114],"slices.":[52],"Further":[53],"automation":[54],"of":[55,76,90,102,111,138],"algorithm,":[57],"novel":[60],"metric":[61,94],"based":[62],"on":[63],"Radon":[65],"transform,":[66],"conducted":[68],"determine":[70],"optimum":[72,83],"number":[73],"values":[75],"single":[82,123],"slice":[84,124],"screener":[86],"interpretation.":[87],"comparison":[89],"newly":[92],"developed":[93],"other":[96],"known":[97],"metrics":[98],"demonstrates":[99],"merits":[101],"new":[104],"approach.":[105],"On-site":[106],"quantitative":[107],"qualitative":[109],"evaluations":[110],"various":[113],"images":[115],"by":[116],"screeners":[118],"further":[119],"establishes":[120],"that":[121],"from":[125],"hashing":[128],"algorithm":[129],"outperforms":[130],"traditional":[131],"techniques":[133],"noted":[136],"increase":[137],"58%":[139],"threat":[142],"detection":[143],"rates.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}