{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391551103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112719","title":"On the 3D Printing of Reinforced Concrete","display_name":"On the 3D Printing of Reinforced Concrete","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391551103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/imece2023-112719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Volume 4: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065285570","display_name":"Seyed M. Allameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-415X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyed M. Allameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063351662","display_name":"Hadi Allameh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Allameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sullair , Michigan City, Indiana, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sullair , Michigan City, Indiana, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082479753","display_name":"Roger Miller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045252196","display_name":"Avery Lenihan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avery Lenihan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science , Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science , Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093866721","display_name":"Dhruv Kota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159713","display_name":"Cincinnati Public Schools","ror":"https://ror.org/054bssx30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159713"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Kota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sycamore High School , Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sycamore High School , Cincinnati, Ohio, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065285570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22746378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.5216758251190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4087374210357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3184897303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.24684512615203857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5216758251190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4087374210357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3184897303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24684512615203857}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/imece2023-112719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Volume 4: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W4390401159","https://openalex.org/W2744391499","https://openalex.org/W3120461830","https://openalex.org/W4230250635","https://openalex.org/W3041790586","https://openalex.org/W2018879842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Automation":[1],"of":[2,23,40,48,62,114,129,131,137,153,168,170,185,192,206,216,236,264,280,285,293,296,323,338,346,367,370,387,420,462,483,519,534],"construction":[3,14,101,375,537],"industry":[4],"has":[5,57,145,162],"been":[6,146,178],"long":[7],"due":[8],"given":[9],"the":[10,21,36,45,55,63,66,100,108,127,151,154,182,211,217,291,320,324,327,336,343,381,398,421,429,434,440,443,463,471,477,484,493,502,512,524],"rapid":[11],"advances":[12],"in":[13,51,60,91,353,391,439,456],"technology.":[15],"This":[16,384],"is":[17,126,231,301,319,335,403],"particularly":[18],"true":[19],"about":[20,228],"fabrication":[22,366],"structures":[24,72],"such":[25,311,317],"as":[26,380,492],"houses,":[27],"office":[28],"buildings,":[29],"bridges":[30,92],"and":[31,53,65,93,96,106,139,158,173,201,250,266,273,350,361,394,515,523],"other":[32,305],"life-sustaining":[33,314],"structures.":[34],"From":[35],"contour":[37],"crafting":[38],"experiments":[39],"two":[41],"decades":[42],"ago":[43],"to":[44,110,120,148,163,190,234,277,303,377,476,498,532,536],"recent":[46],"building":[47],"modern":[49],"homes":[50],"US":[52],"abroad,":[54],"technology":[56,376],"seen":[58],"growth":[59],"quality":[61],"concrete":[64,79,94,134,310,332,372,396,423,438,451,485,527],"processing":[67],"methodologies":[68],"utilized.":[69],"However,":[70,299,510],"these":[71,207],"are":[73,188,359,425,454,528],"not":[74],"currently":[75],"made":[76,405],"with":[77,330,373,487],"reinforced":[78,115,297,309,355,371,452,526],"that":[80,181,235,245,307,505],"sustains":[81],"dynamic":[82],"shear":[83],"forces":[84,90],"imposed":[85],"on":[86,397],"multiple-story":[87],"structures,":[88],"tensile":[89,175,214,468,514],"beams":[95,453],"roofs.":[97],"To":[98,341],"develop":[99],"automation":[102],"one":[103,125],"step":[104],"further":[105],"pave":[107],"way":[109],"do":[111],"3D":[112,155,218,252,294,347,410,430,472,488,520],"printing":[113,295,411],"concrete,":[116,356],"several":[117,357],"issues":[118],"have":[119,177,255,465],"be":[121,149,164,378,499,533],"addressed.":[122],"The":[123,204,262,283,417,460],"first":[124],"feasibility":[128],"incorporation":[130],"rebar":[132,138,157,187,194,220,249,329,349,390,408,474,490,522],"into":[133],"by":[135,406,409,436],"co-printing":[136],"its":[140,159,251,331,351],"ceramic":[141],"matrix.":[142],"While":[143],"this":[144,339],"demonstrated":[147],"possible,":[150],"strength":[152,161,200,215,345,469,482],"printed":[156,186,219,328,348,431,473,489,521],"interfacial":[160,321,344],"validated.":[165],"A":[166,400],"number":[167],"tests":[169,358,464],"both":[171,246,269,450],"monotonic":[172],"cyclic":[174],"types":[176],"conducted,":[179],"showing":[180],"mechanical":[183],"properties":[184,279],"comparable":[189],"those":[191],"conventional":[193,239,281,374,389,478,508],"at":[195,227,491],"microscale.":[196],"These":[197,364],"include":[198,365],"yield":[199],"fatigue":[202,257,274],"limit.":[203],"results":[205,243,263,284,461],"studies":[208],"clearly":[209],"show":[210,244,270],"microscale":[212],"ultimate":[213],"using":[221,412],"mild":[222,237,247],"steel":[223,238,248],"MIG":[224,414],"wire":[225],"stands":[226],"630MPa":[229],"which":[230,334],"nearly":[232],"identical":[233],"rebar.":[240,282,509],"Micro-fatigue":[241],"test":[242],"welded":[253],"counterpart":[254],"similar":[256,401],"limits":[258,275],"nearing":[259],"430":[260],"MPa.":[261],"microtensile":[265],"microfatigue":[267],"tests,":[268],"higher":[271],"UTS":[272],"compared":[276,475],"macroscale":[278],"prior":[286],"work":[287],"cited":[288],"above":[289],"suggest":[290],"reliability":[292],"concrete.":[298],"it":[300],"necessary":[302],"examine":[304,342],"factors":[306],"make":[308],"a":[312,368,392,413],"valuable":[313],"composite.":[315],"One":[316],"factor":[318],"integrity":[322],"interface":[325],"between":[326],"matrix":[333],"focus":[337],"study.":[340],"role":[352],"strengthening":[354],"designed":[360],"carried":[362],"out.":[363],"beam":[369,402,424,486,504],"used":[379],"control":[382,503],"specimen.":[383],"method":[385],"consists":[386],"placing":[388],"mold":[393,441],"pouring":[395,437],"beam.":[399],"then":[404,426],"fabricating":[407],"welder":[415],"torch.":[416],"bottom":[418,494],"rebars":[419],"second":[422],"chosen":[427],"from":[428],"rebars,":[432],"completing":[433],"task":[435],"over":[442],"rebars.":[444],"After":[445],"curing":[446],"for":[447,470],"7":[448],"days,":[449],"tested":[455],"4-point":[457],"bend":[458],"configuration.":[459],"shown":[466],"lesser":[467,500],"counterpart.":[479],"Furthermore,":[480],"flexural":[481,516],"cords":[495],"was":[496],"found":[497],"than":[501],"contained":[506],"only":[507],"even":[511],"lower":[513],"load":[517],"capacities":[518],"resulting":[525],"still":[529],"high":[530],"enough":[531],"interest":[535],"industry.":[538]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}