{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036473664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047557","title":"Automated Generation of Fault Scenarios to Assess Potential Human Errors and Functional Failures in Early Design Stages","display_name":"Automated Generation of Fault Scenarios to Assess Potential Human Errors and Functional Failures in Early Design Stages","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036473664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047557","mag":"3036473664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4047557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047557","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/computingengineering/article-pdf/20/5/051009/6647557/jcise_20_5_051009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173178594","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","issn_l":"1530-9827","issn":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/computingengineering/article-pdf/20/5/051009/6647557/jcise_20_5_051009.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067357544","display_name":"Lukman Irshad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukman Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024772165","display_name":"Hasan Demirel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-9634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Onan Demirel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073245541","display_name":"Irem Y. Tumer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irem Y. Tumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86578361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.688992977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-error","display_name":"Human error","score":0.6434837579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5919209122657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.585239827632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5356274247169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5165428519248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4912258982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3519892394542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.327868789434433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.688992977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169806903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937752","display_name":"Human error","level":2,"score":0.6434837579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5919209122657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.585239827632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5356274247169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5165428519248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4912258982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3519892394542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.327868789434433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4047557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047557","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/computingengineering/article-pdf/20/5/051009/6647557/jcise_20_5_051009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173178594","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","issn_l":"1530-9827","issn":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4047557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047557","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/computingengineering/article-pdf/20/5/051009/6647557/jcise_20_5_051009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173178594","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","issn_l":"1530-9827","issn":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2285903015","display_name":"THE GOAL OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO FORMULATE A COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY THAT INTEGRATES HUMAN FACTORS PRINCIPLES EARLY IN THE DESIGN THROUGH A FUNCTIONAL FAILURE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. THIS RESEARCH PLACES HUMAN USERS AS A FUNDAMENTAL PART OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND OPTIMIZES HUMAN WELL-BEING AS WELL AS THE OVERALL SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE. DESIGN CHANGES MADE AT LATER DESIGN STAGES  DURING OR AFTER PROTOTYPING  CAN BE VERY COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING COMPARED TO DESIGN CHANGES MADE DURING CONCEPTUALIZATION. OFTEN  DETAILED MODELS OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND PARAMETERS ARE NOT AVAILABLE AT EARLY DESIGN STAGES. INSTEAD  INTENDED SYSTEM FUNCTIONS EXIST IN THE FORM OF FUNCTIONAL MODELS. THUS  UTILIZING THE FUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF SYSTEMS  SPECIFICALLY HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTIONS  AT EARLY DESIGN STAGES  CAN HELP PREVENT FAILURES. EXISTING FAILURE ANALYSIS METHODS FAIL TO PROVIDE INSIGHT ON HOW HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTIONS CAUSE FAILURES  AND HOW THESE FAILURES PROPAGATE AND AFFECT THE SYSTEM OVERALL. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO FORMULATE A COMPUTATIONAL FAILURE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY TO IDENTIFY WHAT HUMAN ACTIONS CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS PRODUCING ERRORS. TO THAT END  THIS PROPOSAL RECOGNIZES HUMANS AS A FUNDAMENTAL PART OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND INTRODUCES A HUMAN-CENTERED METHODOLOGY TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL FAILURE SCENARIOS EARLY IN DESIGN USING FUNCTIONAL FAILURE ANALYSIS APPROACH. THE PROPOSAL INTRODUCES A HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP DESIGN FRAMEWORK TO VALIDATE ERROR MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO REDUCE LATENT AND CATASTROPHIC FAILURES EARLY IN DESIGN. THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ARE TO: (1) GENERATE ACTION SEQUENCE GRAPHS  (2) CREATE ACTION CLASSIFICATIONS  (3) DEVELOP ACTION SIMULATIONS  AND (4) VALIDATE AND DERIVE MITIGATE FAILURE MITIGATING STRATEGIES THROUGH HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP EVALUATION. THE PROPOSED METHOD INTEGRATES SYSTEM MODEL  CAD MODELS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC DHM MANNEQUINS TO RECREATE A DESIGN SCENARIO. WE WILL USE DESIGN EXAMPLES (E.G.  PROVIDED BY NASA AOSP) AS A CASE STUDY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF HUMAN ERRORS IN LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS  WHERE HUMAN-SUBJECT DATA COLLECTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF FULL-SCALE PROTOTYPING IS COSTLY  TIME-CONSUMING OR HARDLY POSSIBLE. THIS PROPOSAL UTILIZES DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING (DHM) TO INJECT HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES INTO FUNCTIONAL FAILURE ANALYSIS TO ASSIST DESIGNERS IN UNDERSTANDING FAILURE SCENARIOS  HUMAN ERRORS  THEIR PROPAGATION OVER TIME  AND THEIR COMBINED EFFECTS ON THE OVERALL SYSTEM. IN THE CASE OF DESIGNING COMPLEX PRODUCTS  WHERE HUMANS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SYSTEMS BOTH AS DESIGNERS  USERS  AND MAINTAINERS  IDENTIFYING HOW HUMAN ERRORS OCCUR AND HOW THEY PROPAGATE THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEMS ARE CRITICAL STEPS TOWARDS FORMULATING MITIGATION STRATEGIES. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO INTEGRATE HUMAN-FACTORS DESIGN PRINCIPLES WITH FUNCTIONAL FAILURE ANALYSIS INTO A COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING ENVIRONMENT TO IDENTIFY AND VALIDATE HUMAN-PRODUCT INTERACTIONS EARLY IN THE DESIGN OF LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K0940","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134778087","https://openalex.org/W625928923","https://openalex.org/W1222387623","https://openalex.org/W1509999805","https://openalex.org/W1564895795","https://openalex.org/W1570901956","https://openalex.org/W1590462283","https://openalex.org/W1655990431","https://openalex.org/W1969695152","https://openalex.org/W1969713455","https://openalex.org/W1969922044","https://openalex.org/W1972103376","https://openalex.org/W1977535236","https://openalex.org/W1981593613","https://openalex.org/W1997416100","https://openalex.org/W2006788599","https://openalex.org/W2017052232","https://openalex.org/W2024626154","https://openalex.org/W2024827464","https://openalex.org/W2029120383","https://openalex.org/W2031663667","https://openalex.org/W2033651659","https://openalex.org/W2039653927","https://openalex.org/W2040342908","https://openalex.org/W2047805825","https://openalex.org/W2059873323","https://openalex.org/W2092851519","https://openalex.org/W2094024136","https://openalex.org/W2097513285","https://openalex.org/W2104260153","https://openalex.org/W2114344267","https://openalex.org/W2116707378","https://openalex.org/W2119398027","https://openalex.org/W2125823664","https://openalex.org/W2129083927","https://openalex.org/W2138765863","https://openalex.org/W2141136442","https://openalex.org/W2154867138","https://openalex.org/W2155988378","https://openalex.org/W2158182616","https://openalex.org/W2158272492","https://openalex.org/W2160879325","https://openalex.org/W2161836710","https://openalex.org/W2164041037","https://openalex.org/W2164824681","https://openalex.org/W2166858912","https://openalex.org/W2171285573","https://openalex.org/W2334209154","https://openalex.org/W2404155687","https://openalex.org/W2586890262","https://openalex.org/W2613049552","https://openalex.org/W2734449723","https://openalex.org/W2788220863","https://openalex.org/W2899195516","https://openalex.org/W2899273339","https://openalex.org/W2909188257","https://openalex.org/W2912325678","https://openalex.org/W2912347720","https://openalex.org/W2945042011","https://openalex.org/W2988707852","https://openalex.org/W2990319401","https://openalex.org/W3165744266","https://openalex.org/W4229527478","https://openalex.org/W4247064801","https://openalex.org/W6605479722","https://openalex.org/W6627993356","https://openalex.org/W6630462306","https://openalex.org/W6634032461","https://openalex.org/W6635385563","https://openalex.org/W6649773270","https://openalex.org/W6660434416","https://openalex.org/W6660662038","https://openalex.org/W6675669668","https://openalex.org/W6676918105","https://openalex.org/W6677723683","https://openalex.org/W6680163517","https://openalex.org/W6683036615","https://openalex.org/W6683197487","https://openalex.org/W6683335143","https://openalex.org/W6683346723","https://openalex.org/W6683835341","https://openalex.org/W6684161232","https://openalex.org/W6685118959","https://openalex.org/W6702573055","https://openalex.org/W6733558310","https://openalex.org/W6741059485","https://openalex.org/W6755396215","https://openalex.org/W6755462779","https://openalex.org/W6757785944","https://openalex.org/W6762482385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357256365","https://openalex.org/W2348502264","https://openalex.org/W2365486383","https://openalex.org/W2362059367","https://openalex.org/W2901443725","https://openalex.org/W2350084742","https://openalex.org/W2357988862","https://openalex.org/W1855558850","https://openalex.org/W2353819887","https://openalex.org/W2073695023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1],"errors":[2,215],"are":[3],"attributed":[4],"to":[5,27,57,73,130,174,206,220],"a":[6,59,65,85,102,119,124,155,193],"majority":[7,86],"of":[8,68,87,153,158,166,195,227],"accidents":[9],"and":[10,19,34,50,111,163,189],"malfunctions":[11],"in":[12],"complex":[13],"engineered":[14],"systems.":[15],"The":[16,115,144,197],"human":[17,32,214,229,239],"error":[18],"functional":[20,30],"failure":[21,70],"reasoning":[22],"(HEFFR)":[23],"framework":[24,203],"was":[25,204],"developed":[26],"assess":[28],"potential":[29,69],"failures,":[31],"errors,":[33],"their":[35],"propagation":[36,136],"paths":[37],"during":[38],"early":[39],"design":[40],"stages":[41],"so":[42],"that":[43,82,107,122,147,171,201,216],"more":[44],"reliable":[45],"systems":[46],"with":[47,78,213,232],"improved":[48],"performance":[49],"safety":[51],"can":[52,83,89],"be":[53,74,90],"designed.":[54],"In":[55,224],"order":[56],"perform":[58],"comprehensive":[60],"analysis":[61],"using":[62,139],"this":[63,98],"framework,":[64],"wide":[66,156],"array":[67],"scenarios":[71,160,170,209,212],"need":[72],"tested.":[75],"Coming":[76],"up":[77],"such":[79,210],"use":[80,103],"cases":[81],"cover":[84],"faults":[88],"challenging":[91],"for":[92],"engineers.":[93],"This":[94],"research":[95],"aims":[96],"overcome":[97],"limitation":[99],"by":[100],"creating":[101],"case":[104],"generation":[105],"technique":[106,117],"covers":[108],"both":[109],"component-":[110],"human-related":[112],"fault":[113,159],"scenarios.":[114],"proposed":[116,149],"is":[118,137,151],"time-based":[120],"simulation":[121],"employs":[123],"modified":[125],"depth":[126],"first":[127],"search":[128],"(DFS)":[129],"simulate":[131],"events":[132],"as":[133,211],"the":[134,148,167,176,190,202,222],"event":[135],"analyzed":[138],"HEFFR":[140],"at":[141],"each":[142],"time-step.":[143],"results":[145,198],"show":[146,200],"approach":[150],"capable":[152],"generating":[154],"variety":[157],"involving":[161],"humans":[162],"components.":[164],"Out":[165],"15.4":[168],"million":[169],"were":[172],"found":[173],"violate":[175],"critical":[177],"function,":[178],"two":[179],"had":[180,185,192,237],"purely":[181,186],"human-induced":[182,234],"faults,":[183,188],"163,204":[184],"non-human-induced":[187],"rest":[191],"combination":[194],"both.":[196],"also":[199],"able":[205],"uncover":[207],"hard-to-detect":[208],"do":[217],"not":[218],"propagate":[219],"affect":[221],"system.":[223],"fact,":[225],"86%":[226],"all":[228],"action":[230],"combinations":[231],"nominal":[233],"component":[235],"behaviors":[236],"underlying":[238],"errors.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}