{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913056000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042695","title":"sFEA: A Secure Finite Element Analysis Technique","display_name":"sFEA: A Secure Finite Element Analysis Technique","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913056000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042695","mag":"2913056000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4042695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173178594","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","issn_l":"1530-9827","issn":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062797772","display_name":"Siva Chaitanya Chaduvula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siva C. Chaduvula","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113562454","display_name":"Mikhail J. Atallah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail J. Atallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036201536","display_name":"Jitesh H. Panchal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitesh H. Panchal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062797772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53457066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.750275194644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7457106113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.7341629266738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5341260433197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5228736400604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5001256465911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4868566393852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4743306040763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46044573187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4276457726955414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.402206152677536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.24270731210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22500145435333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15003404021263123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.750275194644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7457106113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.7341629266738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5341260433197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5228736400604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5001256465911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4868566393852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4743306040763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46044573187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4276457726955414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.402206152677536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.24270731210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22500145435333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15003404021263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4042695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173178594","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","issn_l":"1530-9827","issn":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5968536594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1329979","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W1271862501","https://openalex.org/W1967125534","https://openalex.org/W1995804748","https://openalex.org/W2001571172","https://openalex.org/W2003668524","https://openalex.org/W2009180335","https://openalex.org/W2012519819","https://openalex.org/W2047362248","https://openalex.org/W2063555513","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2098491369","https://openalex.org/W2103590289","https://openalex.org/W2107469189","https://openalex.org/W2111417978","https://openalex.org/W2114811131","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2144088623","https://openalex.org/W2155621260","https://openalex.org/W2160262242","https://openalex.org/W2351570859","https://openalex.org/W2463393658","https://openalex.org/W2788766027","https://openalex.org/W2801136906","https://openalex.org/W2804092193","https://openalex.org/W2898729509","https://openalex.org/W3126743201","https://openalex.org/W3195875729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2002978035","https://openalex.org/W4388857716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designers":[0],"need":[1,86],"a":[2,72,99,147],"way":[3],"to":[4,77,91,111,116,120,195,236],"overcome":[5,175],"information-related":[6,28],"risks,":[7],"including":[8,93],"information":[9,90,119],"leakage":[10],"and":[11,33,40,189,204,241],"misuse":[12],"by":[13,201,215],"their":[14,89,94,121],"own":[15],"collaborators":[16],"during":[17],"collaborative":[18],"product":[19],"realization.":[20],"Existing":[21],"cryptographic":[22],"techniques":[23],"aimed":[24],"at":[25],"overcoming":[26],"these":[27,176],"risks":[29],"are":[30,47],"computationally":[31,143],"expensive":[32],"impractical":[34],"even":[35,123],"for":[36,57,87,221],"moderate":[37],"problem":[38,53,228,246],"sizes,":[39],"legal":[41],"approaches":[42],"such":[43,60,80],"as":[44,61,81,166,252],"nondisclosure":[45],"agreements":[46],"not":[48],"effective.":[49],"The":[50,207],"computational":[51,58,198,212],"practicality":[52],"is":[54,156,258],"particularly":[55],"pronounced":[56],"techniques,":[59],"the":[62,85,102,125,131,158,191,197,211,227,262,266],"finite":[63,104,138],"element":[64,105,139],"analysis":[65,106,140],"(FEA).":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,257],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,178,193],"propose":[71,179],"technique":[73],"that":[74,157,182,210,230],"enables":[75,109],"designers":[76,110],"perform":[78,112],"simulations,":[79],"FEA":[82,113,267],"computations,":[83],"without":[84,114],"revealing":[88],"anyone,":[92],"design":[95],"collaborators.":[96],"We":[97,135,187],"present":[98],"new":[100],"approach,":[101,107],"secure":[103,137,148],"which":[108],"having":[115],"reveal":[117],"structural/material":[118],"counterparts":[122],"though":[124],"computed":[126],"answer":[127],"depends":[128],"on":[129],"all":[130],"collaborators'":[132],"confidential":[133],"information.":[134],"build":[136],"(sFEA)":[141],"using":[142,162,238],"efficient":[144],"protocols":[145],"implementing":[146],"codesign":[149],"(SCD)":[150],"framework.":[151],"One":[152],"of":[153,161,172,261,265],"our":[154,250],"findings":[155],"direct":[159],"implementation":[160],"SCD":[163],"framework":[164],"(termed":[165],"na\u00efve":[167,203],"sFEA)":[168],"suffers":[169],"from":[170],"lack":[171],"scalability.":[173],"To":[174],"limitations,":[177],"hybrid":[180,205,216],"sFEA":[181,217],"implements":[183],"performance":[184],"improvement":[185],"strategies.":[186],"document":[188],"discuss":[190],"experiments":[192],"conducted":[194],"determine":[196],"overhead":[199],"imposed":[200,214],"both":[202],"sFEA.":[206],"results":[208],"indicate":[209],"burden":[213],"makes":[218],"it":[219],"challenging":[220],"large-scale":[222],"FEA\u2014our":[223],"scheme":[224,251],"significantly":[225],"increases":[226],"sizes":[229,247],"can":[231],"be":[232],"handled":[233],"when":[234],"compared":[235],"implementations":[237],"previous":[239],"algorithms":[240],"protocols,":[242],"but":[243],"large":[244],"enough":[245],"will":[248],"swamp":[249],"well":[253],"(in":[254],"some":[255],"sense":[256],"unavoidable":[259],"because":[260],"cubic":[263],"nature":[264],"time":[268],"complexity).":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
