{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163866798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70311","title":"Modeling Multidimensional and Spatial Poverty\u2010Exit Potential With Fuzzy Logic and Explainable Machine Learning: Evidence From Tunisia","display_name":"Modeling Multidimensional and Spatial Poverty\u2010Exit Potential With Fuzzy Logic and Explainable Machine Learning: Evidence From Tunisia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163866798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014125305","display_name":"Besma Belhadj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129295481","display_name":"Tunisia Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/033xhzd30","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129295481"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Besma Belhadj","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAREQUAD, FSEGT University of Tunis ElManar  Tunis Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAREQUAD, FSEGT University of Tunis ElManar  Tunis Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082","https://openalex.org/I3129295481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138173575","display_name":"Fethi Amri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fethi Amri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Research 3E, ISGGabes University of Gabes  Gabes Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Research 3E, ISGGabes University of Gabes  Gabes Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136055083","display_name":"Mohamed Amine FRIDHI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802331213","display_name":"Paris School of Business","ror":"https://ror.org/01y414495","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802331213"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Fridhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paris School of Business  Paris France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1309-8433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paris School of Business  Paris France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802331213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138188060","display_name":"Bechir Fridhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bechir Fridhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Financial Management, College of Business Administration Majmaah University  Al\u2010Majma'ah Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-1134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Financial Management, College of Business Administration Majmaah University  Al\u2010Majma'ah Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014125305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129295481","https://openalex.org/I63596082"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75796695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.7483999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.7483999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14440","display_name":"Quality of Life Measurement","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.35530000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111442797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291446","display_name":"Rand index","level":3,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166832808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254487","display_name":"Generalized entropy index","level":3,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7840994596481323,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512804669","https://openalex.org/W1730080708","https://openalex.org/W1966248378","https://openalex.org/W1996747841","https://openalex.org/W1998718336","https://openalex.org/W2046778278","https://openalex.org/W2118692472","https://openalex.org/W2173315138","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2513506629","https://openalex.org/W3102581484","https://openalex.org/W3121689684","https://openalex.org/W3166236610","https://openalex.org/W4416972483"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"proposes":[3],"an":[4],"integrated":[5],"framework":[6,27,183],"to":[7,85,185],"analyze":[8],"inferred":[9],"multidimensional":[10,55,186],"poverty\u2010exit":[11],"potential":[12],"in":[13],"Tunisia":[14],"using":[15,77],"nationally":[16],"representative":[17],"MICS":[18],"2021":[19],"data.":[20],"Because":[21],"the":[22,26,87,108,153,175],"data":[23],"are":[24,75,152],"cross\u2010sectional,":[25],"does":[28],"not":[29],"observe":[30],"true":[31],"household":[32],"transitions":[33],"over":[34],"time.":[35],"Instead,":[36],"it":[37],"constructs":[38],"a":[39,62,122,131],"continuous":[40],"Fuzzy":[41],"Poverty":[42],"Exit":[43],"Index":[44],"(FPEI)":[45],"that":[46,79,143],"captures":[47],"proxy":[48],"evidence":[49],"of":[50,126,135,156,179],"partial":[51],"progress":[52],"away":[53],"from":[54],"deprivation.":[56],"The":[57,182],"index":[58],"is":[59],"combined":[60],"with":[61,98,160],"leakage\u2010controlled":[63],"interpretation":[64],"layer:":[65],"XGBoost":[66],"models":[67],"predict":[68],"high":[69],"FPEI":[70],"status,":[71],"while":[72],"SHAP":[73],"attributions":[74],"computed":[76],"predictors":[78],"explicitly":[80],"exclude":[81],"all":[82],"indicators":[83],"used":[84],"construct":[86],"FPEI.":[88],"To":[89],"explore":[90],"policy\u2010relevant":[91],"heterogeneity,":[92],"we":[93],"estimate":[94],"conditional":[95,112],"effect":[96],"heterogeneity":[97,162,195],"causal":[99,117],"forests":[100],"under":[101],"standard":[102],"unconfoundedness":[103],"and":[104,129,149,165,170,177,197,206],"overlap":[105],"assumptions,":[106],"interpreting":[107],"results":[109],"as":[110],"observational":[111],"estimates":[113],"rather":[114],"than":[115],"definitive":[116],"effects.":[118],"We":[119],"also":[120],"derive":[121],"fuzzy":[123,191],"clustering":[124],"typology":[125],"exit\u2010potential":[127,173],"profiles":[128],"provide":[130],"descriptive":[132],"spatial":[133,198],"diagnostic":[134],"regional":[136],"disparities":[137],"across":[138,163],"Tunisian":[139],"governorates.":[140],"Results":[141],"show":[142],"education,":[144],"housing":[145],"quality,":[146],"asset":[147],"accumulation,":[148],"territorial":[150],"location":[151],"strongest":[154],"correlates":[155],"higher":[157],"exit":[158],"potential,":[159],"substantial":[161],"households":[164],"regions.":[166],"Three":[167],"profiles\u2014resilient,":[168],"vulnerable,":[169],"structurally":[171],"supported":[172],"groups\u2014summarize":[174],"diversity":[176],"stability":[178],"observed":[180],"conditions.":[181],"contributes":[184],"poverty":[187],"measurement":[188],"by":[189],"combining":[190],"scoring,":[192],"explainable":[193],"prediction,":[194],"analysis,":[196],"diagnostics,":[199],"offering":[200],"practical":[201],"guidance":[202],"for":[203],"geographically":[204],"targeted":[205],"multisectoral":[207],"anti\u2010poverty":[208],"policy.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T06:26:37.801270","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}
