{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163367842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70279","title":"Enhancing Patient\u2010Centric Care: A Location\u2010Aware Hospital Recommender System Optimized by the Water Cycle Algorithm","display_name":"Enhancing Patient\u2010Centric Care: A Location\u2010Aware Hospital Recommender System Optimized by the Water Cycle Algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163367842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137752616","display_name":"Zahra Souri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Souri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053056617","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Safari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Safari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil, Environmental and Land Management, Department of Geoinformatics Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil, Environmental and Land Management, Department of Geoinformatics Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006255461","display_name":"Najmeh Neysani Samany\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-6271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Najmeh Neysani Samany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061303011","display_name":"Ara Toomanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-5411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ara Toomanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Geography University of Tehran  Tehran Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014080291","display_name":"Sisi Zlatanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-0487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Zlatanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, School of Built Environment, GRID  Sydney Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-0487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, School of Built Environment, GRID  Sydney Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006255461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67953366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.10010000318288803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.10010000318288803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.09539999812841415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.0697999969124794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.8122000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.6189000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-hospital","display_name":"Public hospital","score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.4156000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.8122000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.6189000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775860198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257872","display_name":"Public hospital","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017893058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"User satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191511416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"Customer satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5352224656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"98027347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","funder_display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1793887788","https://openalex.org/W1936100331","https://openalex.org/W1979547113","https://openalex.org/W1979761939","https://openalex.org/W1980276147","https://openalex.org/W1980500036","https://openalex.org/W2014599226","https://openalex.org/W2069133311","https://openalex.org/W2096673585","https://openalex.org/W2127509947","https://openalex.org/W2147987742","https://openalex.org/W2170400052","https://openalex.org/W2171960770","https://openalex.org/W2345227437","https://openalex.org/W2402967949","https://openalex.org/W2553988944","https://openalex.org/W2563086553","https://openalex.org/W2567123386","https://openalex.org/W2586601519","https://openalex.org/W2742417504","https://openalex.org/W2746608229","https://openalex.org/W2754948887","https://openalex.org/W2757392657","https://openalex.org/W2809154611","https://openalex.org/W2810403777","https://openalex.org/W2884477848","https://openalex.org/W2886785829","https://openalex.org/W2888062408","https://openalex.org/W2891048351","https://openalex.org/W2893903611","https://openalex.org/W2899410785","https://openalex.org/W2908223159","https://openalex.org/W2912141246","https://openalex.org/W2942649361","https://openalex.org/W2953309289","https://openalex.org/W2963610697","https://openalex.org/W2965372358","https://openalex.org/W2984010107","https://openalex.org/W2996455001","https://openalex.org/W2999905348","https://openalex.org/W3001595231","https://openalex.org/W3006849084","https://openalex.org/W3021896466","https://openalex.org/W3029625820","https://openalex.org/W3033870014","https://openalex.org/W3041766617","https://openalex.org/W3043752759","https://openalex.org/W3108201242","https://openalex.org/W3113537740","https://openalex.org/W3115399280","https://openalex.org/W3124731136","https://openalex.org/W3155115777","https://openalex.org/W3168729051","https://openalex.org/W3177614735","https://openalex.org/W3186123322","https://openalex.org/W3198926963","https://openalex.org/W4205204112","https://openalex.org/W4231446456","https://openalex.org/W4254120981","https://openalex.org/W4282929489","https://openalex.org/W4295808694","https://openalex.org/W4304013895","https://openalex.org/W4309607780","https://openalex.org/W4313414013","https://openalex.org/W4317608819","https://openalex.org/W4360615898","https://openalex.org/W4376626684","https://openalex.org/W4378450184","https://openalex.org/W4383893298","https://openalex.org/W4386143129","https://openalex.org/W4388860601","https://openalex.org/W4388967818","https://openalex.org/W4390643701","https://openalex.org/W4394730934","https://openalex.org/W4408829784","https://openalex.org/W4416146846"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Healthcare":[1],"recommender":[2,43],"systems":[3,19],"(HRSs)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,39,76,131,181,227],"vital":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,21,90,163,188],"modern":[10],"healthcare":[11,49],"services,":[12],"particularly":[13],"during":[14,51],"the":[15,36,52,91,95,98,123,126,159,207],"COVID\u201019":[16,53],"pandemic.":[17],"These":[18],"assist":[20],"identifying":[22],"suitable":[23],"hospitals":[24,73],"for":[25,46,87],"patients":[26],"by":[27,139],"prioritizing":[28],"their":[29,113],"needs":[30,114],"and":[31,67,74,105,115,148,168,177,226,239],"preferences.":[32],"This":[33],"article":[34],"presents":[35],"development":[37],"of":[38,82,158,214,218,223,232],"personalized,":[40],"location\u2010based":[41],"hospital":[42,68,137,149,174],"system":[44,99,124,161,185,209],"designed":[45],"individuals":[47],"seeking":[48],"centers":[50],"crisis.":[54],"The":[55,156,184],"initial":[56],"phase":[57],"involves":[58],"collecting":[59],"public":[60,143],"participation":[61],"data":[62],"(PPD),":[63],"patients'":[64],"personal":[65],"information,":[66],"attributes":[69],"to":[70,107,112,142],"identify":[71],"potential":[72],"build":[75],"knowledge\u2010based":[77],"recommendation":[78,121,202],"framework.":[79,183],"A":[80],"total":[81],"166":[83],"participants":[84],"were":[85],"used":[86],"user":[88,166,228],"clustering":[89],"personalization":[92],"stage.":[93],"In":[94],"next":[96],"phase,":[97],"integrates":[100],"users'":[101],"location,":[102],"visit":[103],"time,":[104],"preferences":[106],"deliver":[108],"personalized":[109,165],"recommendations":[110],"tailored":[111],"geographical":[116],"context.":[117],"To":[118],"further":[119],"improve":[120],"quality,":[122],"employs":[125],"water":[127],"cycle":[128],"algorithm":[129],"(WCA),":[130],"metaheuristic":[132,178],"optimization":[133,179],"method":[134],"that":[135,206],"enhances":[136],"selection":[138],"maximizing":[140],"accessibility":[141,171],"transportation":[144],"stations":[145],"(PTSs),":[146],"pharmacies,":[147],"bed":[150],"availability,":[151],"while":[152],"minimizing":[153],"travel":[154],"time.":[155],"novelty":[157],"proposed":[160],"lies":[162],"integrating":[164],"characteristics":[167],"preferences,":[169],"spatial":[170],"modeling,":[172],"real\u2010world":[173],"capacity":[175],"constraints,":[176],"within":[180],"unified":[182],"was":[186,192],"implemented":[187],"Tehran,":[189],"Iran.":[190],"Performance":[191],"evaluated":[193],"using":[194],"20":[195],"users":[196],"across":[197],"multiple":[198],"scenarios,":[199],"producing":[200],"50":[201],"outcomes.":[203],"Results":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"WCA\u2010based":[208],"achieved":[210],"an":[211,216,220],"F1":[212],"score":[213,231],"84.93%,":[215],"AUC":[217],"0.727,":[219],"average":[221],"runtime":[222],"5.23":[224],"s,":[225],"satisfaction":[229],"(CSAT)":[230],"74.67%,":[233],"indicating":[234],"high":[235],"diversity,":[236],"efficient":[237],"performance,":[238],"notable":[240],"patient":[241],"satisfaction.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T06:22:58.972145","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}