{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407781591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70184","title":"The <scp>KnowWhereGraph</scp> : A Large\u2010Scale Geo\u2010Knowledge Graph for Interdisciplinary Knowledge Discovery and Geo\u2010Enrichment","display_name":"The <scp>KnowWhereGraph</scp> : A Large\u2010Scale Geo\u2010Knowledge Graph for Interdisciplinary Knowledge Discovery and Geo\u2010Enrichment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407781591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/23d29b72-4c72-4051-ab95-9dac9f841fad","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617068","display_name":"Rui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol  Bristol UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol  Bristol UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073404100","display_name":"Cogan Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-8701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cogan Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University  Dayton Ohio USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University  Dayton Ohio USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011621169","display_name":"Shirly Stephen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-8058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirly Stephen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-8058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073709625","display_name":"Colby K. Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5341-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colby K. Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydronos Labs  Princeton New Jersey USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydronos Labs  Princeton New Jersey USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080605220","display_name":"Thomas Thelen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Thelen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scholar  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scholar  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075008796","display_name":"Kitty Currier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-8888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kitty Currier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-8888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103035722","display_name":"Krzysztof Janowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1968-887X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["AT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Janowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna  Vienna Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006872667","display_name":"Pascal Hitzler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-3472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Hitzler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011057199","display_name":"Mark Schildhauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Schildhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338179","display_name":"Wenwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011333407","display_name":"Dean Rehberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-3536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean Rehberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034564945","display_name":"Adrita Barua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrita Barua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109650481","display_name":"Antrea Christou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antrea Christou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University  Dayton Ohio USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University  Dayton Ohio USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ling Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062097653","display_name":"Abhilekha Dalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-5074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhilekha Dalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075535086","display_name":"Anthony D\u2019Onofrio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8362-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony D'Onofrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014574853","display_name":"Andrew Eells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-6646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Eells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086209434","display_name":"Mitchell Faulk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Faulk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["AT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-3366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna  Vienna Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036007312","display_name":"Gengchen Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-7309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengchen Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021742388","display_name":"Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065937413","display_name":"Bryce Mecum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-3766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryce Mecum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031602758","display_name":"Sanaz Saki Norouzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaz Saki Norouzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042022280","display_name":"Meilin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meilin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-7810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna  Vienna Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387904","display_name":"Yuanyuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-1296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101536427","display_name":"Sizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062986362","display_name":"Zhangyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-7655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001661326","display_name":"Joseph Zalewski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Zalewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100617068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":57.4035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99541518,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.6192338466644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.49374088644981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4636726379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4609331488609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4125105142593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2965054512023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20171311497688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.16884195804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09588879346847534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.6192338466644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.49374088644981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4636726379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4609331488609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4125105142593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2965054512023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20171311497688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16884195804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09588879346847534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tgis.70184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S859791518","display_name":"Transactions in GIS","issn_l":"1361-1682","issn":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions in GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/23d29b72-4c72-4051-ab95-9dac9f841fad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/23d29b72-4c72-4051-ab95-9dac9f841fad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.13874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13874","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.13874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:corescholar.libraries.wright.edu:cse-1678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cse/678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737205702","display_name":"Journal of Bioresource Management","issn_l":"2309-3854","issn":["2309-3854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316536","host_organization_name":"Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316536"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.13874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.13874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/23d29b72-4c72-4051-ab95-9dac9f841fad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/23d29b72-4c72-4051-ab95-9dac9f841fad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2947721200","display_name":"A1: KnowWhereGraph: Enriching and Linking Cross-Domain Knowledge Graphs using Spatially-Explicit AI Technologies","funder_award_id":"2033521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W1483669204","https://openalex.org/W1483417608","https://openalex.org/W2166128845","https://openalex.org/W2889161681","https://openalex.org/W2160011185","https://openalex.org/W3126174444","https://openalex.org/W2122865749","https://openalex.org/W3010336026","https://openalex.org/W2129667801","https://openalex.org/W3021041425","https://openalex.org/W2963857692","https://openalex.org/W2803689195","https://openalex.org/W4229377031","https://openalex.org/W2001323649","https://openalex.org/W2132537081","https://openalex.org/W2936545648","https://openalex.org/W2981021610","https://openalex.org/W4323361161","https://openalex.org/W4409221375","https://openalex.org/W4309651826","https://openalex.org/W4252066872","https://openalex.org/W4311866298","https://openalex.org/W4210446281","https://openalex.org/W2951091155","https://openalex.org/W3172066753","https://openalex.org/W2964221236","https://openalex.org/W4377943492","https://openalex.org/W2022011901","https://openalex.org/W2805800211","https://openalex.org/W4405283898","https://openalex.org/W1491110638","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2197906902","https://openalex.org/W4409431763","https://openalex.org/W4400525589","https://openalex.org/W4206995392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Global":[1],"challenges":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"food":[5],"supply":[6],"chain":[7],"disruptions,":[8],"public":[9],"health":[10],"crises,":[11],"and":[12,19,68,88,96,101,133,154,173,188],"natural":[13],"hazard":[14],"responses":[15],"require":[16],"access":[17],"to":[18,42,99,119,179],"integration":[20,125],"of":[21,25,37,66,109,123,146,151],"diverse":[22],"datasets,":[23],"many":[24],"which":[26],"are":[27,50,183],"geospatial.":[28],"Over":[29],"the":[30,121,143,149,168],"past":[31],"few":[32],"years,":[33],"a":[34,82,107,128],"growing":[35],"number":[36],"(geo)portals":[38,49],"have":[39],"been":[40],"developed":[41],"address":[43,120],"this":[44,77,114],"need.":[45],"However,":[46],"most":[47],"existing":[48],"stacked":[51],"by":[52,126],"separated":[53],"or":[54],"sparsely":[55],"connected":[56],"data":[57,61,71,85,97,124,135,159],"\u201csilos\u201d":[58],"impeding":[59],"effective":[60],"consolidation.":[62],"A":[63],"new":[64],"way":[65],"sharing":[67],"reusing":[69],"geospatial":[70,170],"is":[72],"therefore":[73],"urgently":[74],"needed.":[75],"In":[76],"work,":[78],"we":[79,162],"introduce":[80],"KnowWhereGraph,":[81,147],"knowledge":[83,139,171],"graph\u2010based":[84],"integration,":[86],"enrichment,":[87],"synthesis":[89],"framework":[90],"that":[91,182],"not":[92],"only":[93],"includes":[94],"schemas":[95],"related":[98],"human":[100],"environmental":[102],"systems":[103],"but":[104],"also":[105],"provides":[106],"suite":[108],"supporting":[110],"tools":[111,176],"for":[112],"accessing":[113],"information.":[115],"The":[116],"KnowWhereGraph":[117],"aims":[118],"challenge":[122],"building":[127],"large\u2010scale,":[129],"cross\u2010domain,":[130],"preintegrated,":[131],"FAIR\u2010principles\u2010based,":[132],"AI\u2010ready":[134],"warehouse":[136],"rooted":[137],"in":[138,156],"graphs.":[140],"We":[141],"highlight":[142],"design":[144],"principles":[145],"emphasizing":[148],"roles":[150],"space,":[152],"place,":[153],"time":[155],"bridging":[157],"various":[158],"\u201csilos.\u201d":[160],"Additionally,":[161],"demonstrate":[163],"multiple":[164],"use":[165],"cases":[166],"where":[167],"proposed":[169],"graph":[172],"its":[174],"associated":[175],"empower":[177],"decision\u2010makers":[178],"uncover":[180],"insights":[181],"often":[184],"hidden":[185],"within":[186],"complex":[187],"poorly":[189],"interoperable":[190],"datasets.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-02-21T00:00:00"}