{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162690661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70298","title":"<scp>UADC</scp> : Uncertainty\u2010Aware Diverse Co\u2010Training for Semi\u2010Supervised Medical Image Segmentation","display_name":"<scp>UADC</scp> : Uncertainty\u2010Aware Diverse Co\u2010Training for Semi\u2010Supervised Medical Image Segmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162690661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112674393","display_name":"Tengfei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48780066","display_name":"Shenyang University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbpdh75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengfei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-0815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092","https://openalex.org/I157507598","https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040033944","display_name":"Weiyan Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7513-5903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48780066","display_name":"Shenyang University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbpdh75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092","https://openalex.org/I157507598","https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059536299","display_name":"Zhixiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-9318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University  Shenyang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137254404","display_name":"Chong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Ministry of Education  Shenyang China","School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University  Shenyang China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-744X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Ministry of Education  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040674322","display_name":"Cheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-0889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48780066","display_name":"Shenyang University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbpdh75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Process Automation Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092","https://openalex.org/I157507598","https://openalex.org/I48780066"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040033944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092","https://openalex.org/I157507598","https://openalex.org/I48780066"],"apc_list":{"value":3860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3860},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66992547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.4255000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.4255000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.07360000163316727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.3262999951839447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8507000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125308379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057","display_name":"Market segmentation","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008359794","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2979907638","https://openalex.org/W3102100346","https://openalex.org/W3107695429","https://openalex.org/W3215525575","https://openalex.org/W4205953442","https://openalex.org/W4221161877","https://openalex.org/W4225343834","https://openalex.org/W4285040393","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4292975587","https://openalex.org/W4310466409","https://openalex.org/W4321484266","https://openalex.org/W4386280880","https://openalex.org/W4388024378","https://openalex.org/W4390226082","https://openalex.org/W4391606452","https://openalex.org/W4392968603","https://openalex.org/W4393002325","https://openalex.org/W4393171259","https://openalex.org/W4396903426","https://openalex.org/W4396910024","https://openalex.org/W4400341581","https://openalex.org/W4401264247","https://openalex.org/W4402083677","https://openalex.org/W4403210111","https://openalex.org/W4403755459","https://openalex.org/W4403936798","https://openalex.org/W4406311319","https://openalex.org/W4408246555","https://openalex.org/W4409200120","https://openalex.org/W4410145327","https://openalex.org/W4414322017","https://openalex.org/W4415225231","https://openalex.org/W4415979916","https://openalex.org/W7133240990"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1,55],"semi\u2010supervised":[2],"segmentation,":[3],"deep":[4],"co\u2010training":[5,117,157],"has":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9,73,115,134,205],"promising":[10],"paradigm":[11],"by":[12],"utilizing":[13],"prediction":[14],"agreement":[15],"and":[16,46,97,145,162,168,235,237,248],"unlabelled\u2010data\u2010driven":[17],"supervisory":[18],"signals.":[19],"Despite":[20],"its":[21,246],"effectiveness,":[22],"insufficient":[23],"diversity":[24],"between":[25],"the":[26,41,49,76,79,85,107,127,141,153,171,183,190,199,202,209,213,218],"collaborating":[27],"models":[28],"often":[29],"causes":[30],"them":[31],"to":[32,53,58,166,181,216],"become":[33],"highly":[34],"consistent":[35],"at":[36],"an":[37,56,94],"early":[38],"stage,":[39],"weakening":[40],"benefit":[42],"of":[43,78,110,130,143,185,192,201,212,220,232],"mutual":[44],"learning":[45],"eventually":[47],"making":[48],"framework":[50,118],"behave":[51],"similarly":[52],"self\u2010training.":[54],"effort":[57],"postpone":[59],"this":[60,70,90],"premature":[61],"convergence,":[62],"different":[63],"initial":[64],"perturbations":[65],"were":[66],"incorporated,":[67],"but":[68],"unfortunately,":[69],"resulted":[71],"in":[72,75,104,120,149,155,208],"decrease":[74],"quality":[77,184,219],"model's":[80,86],"pseudo\u2010labels,":[81,186],"which":[82,102],"further":[83],"deteriorated":[84],"performance.":[87,196,250],"To":[88],"tackle":[89],"issue,":[91],"we":[92,132,159,187],"propose":[93],"Uncertainty":[95],"Aware":[96],"Diverse":[98],"Co\u2010training":[99],"model":[100,113,195,215,240],"(UADC)":[101],"is":[103],"line":[105],"with":[106,241],"essential":[108],"postulates":[109],"co\u2010training.":[111],"The":[112],"features":[114],"novel":[116,135],"working":[119],"hybrid":[121],"spatial\u2010frequency":[122],"domain.":[123],"Specifically,":[124],"after":[125],"revisiting":[126],"basic":[128],"hypotheses":[129],"co\u2010training,":[131],"devise":[133],"multi\u2010view":[136],"training":[137,165,178],"approach":[138],"that":[139],"addresses":[140],"issues":[142],"dependency":[144],"role":[146],"inequality":[147],"inherent":[148],"traditional":[150],"methods.":[151],"Targeting":[152],"misconceptions":[154],"previous":[156],"architectures,":[158],"incorporate":[160],"Segformer":[161],"frequency":[163],"domain":[164],"decouple":[167],"thereby":[169],"counteract":[170],"tendency":[172],"towards":[173],"self\u2010training":[174],"degeneration":[175],"during":[176],"later":[177],"stages.":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"enhance":[182],"delve":[188],"into":[189],"impact":[191],"uncertainty":[193,211],"on":[194,227],"We":[197,223],"alter":[198],"structure":[200],"model,":[203],"designing":[204],"method":[206],"grounded":[207],"epistemic":[210],"segmentation":[214],"optimize":[217],"pseudo":[221],"labels.":[222],"conduct":[224],"extensive":[225],"experiments":[226],"three":[228],"public":[229],"medical":[230],"datasets":[231],"ISIC,":[233],"Kvasir":[234],"CVC\u2010ClinicDB,":[236],"compared":[238],"our":[239],"other":[242],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[243],"approaches,":[244],"demonstrating":[245],"effectiveness":[247],"competitive":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}