{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163511008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70291","title":"A Novel Ensemble Label Propagation With Fuzzy C\u2010Means and Sorting Empowerment Strategy for Multi\u2010Label Learning","display_name":"A Novel Ensemble Label Propagation With Fuzzy C\u2010Means and Sorting Empowerment Strategy for Multi\u2010Label Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163511008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124442404","display_name":"Y Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137850931","display_name":"Zeliang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060104732","display_name":"Yafen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137811314","display_name":"Depeng Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Depeng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293","https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012411603","display_name":"Baoya Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6600-7933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoya Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137869803","display_name":"Wenjie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science Minnan Normal University  Zhangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102844195","display_name":"Guohe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9982-4478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088419","display_name":"Xinjiang Petroleum Society","ror":"https://ror.org/005j4qv80","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Petroleum Exploration and Engineering China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing at Karamay  Karamay Xinjiang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Petroleum Exploration and Engineering China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing at Karamay  Karamay Xinjiang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293","https://openalex.org/I4210088419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124442404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"],"apc_list":{"value":3860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3860},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70286958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6873000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.31859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6873000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553958","display_name":"Multi-label classification","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6822525858879089,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4706725913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6716056982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8225967422","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u9000\u884c\u6027\u8170\u690e\u4fa7\u5f2f\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u56e0\u679c\u81f4\u75c5\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5168\u8c31\u7cfb\u5faa\u8bc1\u51b3\u7b56\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"2026J001984","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511053376","https://openalex.org/W1753402186","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1986159170","https://openalex.org/W1998839399","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2016944307","https://openalex.org/W2017578526","https://openalex.org/W2035720976","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2055095649","https://openalex.org/W2061351061","https://openalex.org/W2123217057","https://openalex.org/W2134604967","https://openalex.org/W2136661605","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2253879501","https://openalex.org/W3037256335","https://openalex.org/W3082219353","https://openalex.org/W4220682410","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4390848459","https://openalex.org/W4391155145","https://openalex.org/W4392005562","https://openalex.org/W4392130563","https://openalex.org/W4399088426","https://openalex.org/W4403013073","https://openalex.org/W4403205326","https://openalex.org/W4404910023","https://openalex.org/W4405045835","https://openalex.org/W4405395379","https://openalex.org/W4406973365","https://openalex.org/W4408249839","https://openalex.org/W4410491745","https://openalex.org/W4411270616","https://openalex.org/W4413371190"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Recently,":[1],"Multi\u2010label":[2],"learning":[3,42],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,128],"a":[7,17,64],"crucial":[8],"technique":[9],"across":[10,153],"various":[11],"fields.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[14],"typically":[15],"requires":[16],"large":[18],"amount":[19],"of":[20,104,136],"labelled":[21],"data":[22,116],"for":[23,75],"effective":[24],"model":[25],"training.":[26],"To":[27],"address":[28],"this":[29],"limitation,":[30],"many":[31],"researchers":[32],"have":[33],"introduced":[34],"the":[35,95,101,105,134,137],"label":[36,59],"propagation":[37],"(LP)":[38],"algorithm":[39,67,107],"from":[40],"semi\u2010supervised":[41],"into":[43,54],"multi\u2010label":[44,52,76,109,145],"learning.":[45],"Unfortunately,":[46],"conventional":[47],"LP":[48,66,106,138],"approaches":[49],"only":[50],"transform":[51],"problem":[53],"single\u2010label":[55],"formulations,":[56],"thereby":[57],"ignoring":[58],"correlations.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"new":[65],"integrating":[68],"fuzzy":[69],"C\u2010means":[70],"(FCM)":[71],"and":[72,163],"sorting":[73,119],"empowerment":[74],"learning,":[77],"termed":[78],"C":[79],"lustering\u2010based":[80],"S":[81],"orting":[82],"Empowerment":[83],"L":[84],"abel":[85],"P":[86],"ropagation":[87],"(CSLP).":[88],"Firstly,":[89],"FCM":[90],"is":[91,126],"employed":[92],"to":[93,132],"strengthen":[94],"relationship":[96],"among":[97],"labels,":[98],"ensuring":[99],"that":[100,148],"probability":[102],"results":[103],"in":[108],"scenarios":[110],"are":[111],"more":[112],"consistent":[113],"with":[114],"actual":[115],"distributions.":[117],"Afterward,":[118],"empowerment,":[120],"inspired":[121],"by":[122],"group":[123],"decision":[124],"theory,":[125],"adopted":[127],"an":[129],"ensemble":[130],"strategy":[131],"enhance":[133],"robustness":[135],"algorithm.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"extensive":[141],"experiments":[142],"on":[143],"seven":[144],"datasets":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"CSLP":[149],"outperforms":[150],"competing":[151],"algorithms":[152],"four":[154],"evaluation":[155],"metrics":[156],"(Hamming":[157],"loss,":[158],"Average":[159],"precision,":[160],"Recall":[161],"score,":[162],"MicroF1).":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}
