{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140202024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70239","title":"<scp>EMGC</scp> : An Efficient Unsupervised Person Re\u2010Identification Method Based on Multigrained Complementary Features","display_name":"<scp>EMGC</scp> : An Efficient Unsupervised Person Re\u2010Identification Method Based on Multigrained Complementary Features","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140202024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Quanbo Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanbo Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiamu Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiamu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenguang Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenguang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huijuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-819X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huijuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-819X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pengzhi Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuai Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianhua Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124037","display_name":"Chengdu Surveying Geotechnical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02pk6rm23","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I275542036","https://openalex.org/I4210124037"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZHONGYE DIKAN Geotechnical Engineering Co. Ltd  Yanjiao China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZHONGYE DIKAN Geotechnical Engineering Co. Ltd  Yanjiao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aoxiang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119087","display_name":"North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7msy24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aoxiang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering  Langfang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119087"],"apc_list":{"value":3860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3860},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61393413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9013000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9013000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5952000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3817000091075897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8863000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5952000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.70239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7985875606536865,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795758732","https://openalex.org/W2803237185","https://openalex.org/W2962859295","https://openalex.org/W2998727641","https://openalex.org/W2998792609","https://openalex.org/W3034903425","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3042609801","https://openalex.org/W3106858249","https://openalex.org/W3175823695","https://openalex.org/W3195268397","https://openalex.org/W3204330270","https://openalex.org/W3208191409","https://openalex.org/W4298393667","https://openalex.org/W4306247966","https://openalex.org/W4312349930","https://openalex.org/W4312446817","https://openalex.org/W4312847199","https://openalex.org/W4313170858","https://openalex.org/W4321608678","https://openalex.org/W4378421684","https://openalex.org/W4381885312","https://openalex.org/W4386076618","https://openalex.org/W4386159973","https://openalex.org/W4399206114","https://openalex.org/W4399304864","https://openalex.org/W4402709859","https://openalex.org/W4402727568","https://openalex.org/W4404486776","https://openalex.org/W4412399200"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Unsupervised":[1],"person":[2,50,159],"re\u2010identification":[3],"(Re\u2010ID)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,22,145],"learn":[7],"discriminative":[8],"features":[9,29,144],"from":[10,27,142],"unlabelled":[11],"data":[12],"using":[13],"pseudo\u2010labels":[14],"for":[15],"pedestrian":[16],"retrieval.":[17],"However,":[18],"existing":[19],"methods":[20,176],"fail":[21],"fully":[23],"leverage":[24],"fine\u2010grained":[25,140],"clues":[26],"multigranularity":[28],"when":[30],"optimising":[31],"pseudo\u2010labels,":[32],"which":[33,54,138],"limits":[34],"their":[35],"performance.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"this":[39,41],"issue,":[40],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"an":[44,79,99],"Efficient":[45,100],"Multigranularity":[46,61,95],"Complementary":[47,68,133],"feature\u2010based":[48],"unsupervised":[49,175],"Re\u2010ID":[51,160],"method":[52],"(EMGC),":[53],"consists":[55],"of":[56,165],"two":[57],"core":[58],"modules:":[59],"a":[60,67,94,128],"Token":[62,101],"Propagation":[63,102],"module":[64,72],"(MGTP)":[65],"and":[66,84,98,110,117,130,152,180],"Feature":[69,132],"Label":[70],"Optimisation":[71,135],"(CFLO).":[73],"The":[74,125,167],"MGTP":[75],"is":[76],"built":[77],"upon":[78],"improved":[80],"Vision":[81],"Transformer":[82],"(ViT)":[83],"enhances":[85],"feature":[86],"representation":[87],"capability":[88],"while":[89,113],"reducing":[90],"computational":[91,119],"complexity":[92],"through":[93],"Architecture":[96],"(MGA)":[97],"strategy":[103],"(ETP).":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"MGA":[106],"captures":[107],"both":[108,178],"global":[109],"local":[111,143],"features,":[112],"ETP":[114],"reduces":[115],"redundancy":[116],"improves":[118],"efficiency":[120],"via":[121],"dynamic":[122],"token":[123],"selection.":[124],"CFLO":[126],"introduces":[127],"Global":[129],"Partial":[131],"Pseudo\u2010Label":[134],"framework":[136],"(GPFC\u2010PLO),":[137],"leverages":[139],"information":[141],"improve":[146],"pseudo\u2010label":[147],"quality,":[148],"mitigate":[149],"noise":[150],"interference":[151],"enhance":[153],"robustness.":[154],"Extensive":[155],"experiments":[156],"on":[157],"three":[158],"datasets":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"the":[163,185],"effectiveness":[164],"EMGC.":[166],"results":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"it":[171],"outperforms":[172],"current":[173],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[174],"in":[177],"performance":[179,186],"inference":[181],"speed,":[182],"significantly":[183],"narrowing":[184],"gap":[187],"with":[188],"supervised":[189],"approaches.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}
