{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416127654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70138","title":"Shared and Distinct Phonemic Features in Sound\u2013Shape and Sound\u2013Size Correspondences: A Study of Mandarin Chinese","display_name":"Shared and Distinct Phonemic Features in Sound\u2013Shape and Sound\u2013Size Correspondences: A Study of Mandarin Chinese","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416127654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70138","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41220120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cogs.70138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013369526","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-6023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35926432","display_name":"Mackay Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t89kj24","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35926432"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi\u2010Chuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine MacKay Medical University","School of Medicine, MacKay Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine MacKay Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35926432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, MacKay Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35926432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028419161","display_name":"Mingxue Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-9190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089996107","display_name":"Yen\u2010Han Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-7110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen\u2010Han Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087017920","display_name":"Pi\u2010Chun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pi\u2010Chun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087017920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30940506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"11","first_page":"e70138","last_page":"e70138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.09529999643564224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossmodal","display_name":"Crossmodal","score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.6851000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetics","display_name":"Phonetics","score":0.362199991941452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60115397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188732","display_name":"Crossmodal","level":4,"score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.6851000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137584468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35395","display_name":"Phonetics","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3156200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148563","display_name":"Obstruent","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18020764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2475268","display_name":"Sound symbolism","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150321799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650645","display_name":"Mid vowel","level":4,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000095225","descriptor_name":"East Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000095225","descriptor_name":"East Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cogs.70138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41220120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41220120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227069769","https://openalex.org/W1026818434","https://openalex.org/W1964406753","https://openalex.org/W1974919045","https://openalex.org/W1981258758","https://openalex.org/W2000009460","https://openalex.org/W2007697612","https://openalex.org/W2010523604","https://openalex.org/W2014621385","https://openalex.org/W2015394094","https://openalex.org/W2019706253","https://openalex.org/W2021652230","https://openalex.org/W2029090782","https://openalex.org/W2050323842","https://openalex.org/W2059027798","https://openalex.org/W2068247585","https://openalex.org/W2124123088","https://openalex.org/W2130713173","https://openalex.org/W2135756952","https://openalex.org/W2136352979","https://openalex.org/W2137838732","https://openalex.org/W2148504296","https://openalex.org/W2149836649","https://openalex.org/W2160859782","https://openalex.org/W2168856185","https://openalex.org/W2172661905","https://openalex.org/W2183543165","https://openalex.org/W2331717147","https://openalex.org/W2398693646","https://openalex.org/W2502665696","https://openalex.org/W2522640314","https://openalex.org/W2750216408","https://openalex.org/W2765887911","https://openalex.org/W2771374258","https://openalex.org/W2793965819","https://openalex.org/W2901779845","https://openalex.org/W2959201881","https://openalex.org/W2961651456","https://openalex.org/W2977732760","https://openalex.org/W2979509404","https://openalex.org/W3043605262","https://openalex.org/W3085752042","https://openalex.org/W3096751130","https://openalex.org/W3126199500","https://openalex.org/W3160488540","https://openalex.org/W3175341885","https://openalex.org/W3211858612","https://openalex.org/W4221102632","https://openalex.org/W4283807878","https://openalex.org/W4379386444","https://openalex.org/W4406239552","https://openalex.org/W4406674442","https://openalex.org/W4407261798"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Certain":[0],"speech":[1],"sounds":[2],"are":[3],"consistently":[4],"associated":[5,38,123],"with":[6,39,104,124,161],"visual":[7,217],"properties":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,17],"shape":[11],"and":[12,32,42,85,90,97,126,171,186,196,216,228,236],"size,":[13],"a":[14,53,75,101],"phenomenon":[15],"known":[16],"crossmodal":[18,203,247],"correspondences.":[19,92,248],"Well-established":[20],"examples":[21],"demonstrate":[22],"that":[23,135],"the":[24,70,80,117,136,143,222,240],"vowel":[25,119,224],"/u/":[26,121],"is":[27,37,147],"often":[28],"linked":[29,189],"to":[30,72,78,179,190],"rounder":[31,125,178],"larger":[33,127,191],"objects,":[34],"while":[35,142,183,230],"/i/":[36],"more":[40,180],"angular":[41,106,181],"smaller":[43],"ones.":[44],"However,":[45],"most":[46],"previous":[47],"research":[48],"utilized":[49],"English":[50,229],"pseudowords,":[51],"leaving":[52],"gap":[54],"in":[55,63,88,150,245],"our":[56],"understanding":[57],"of":[58,82,234,242],"how":[59],"these":[60],"correspondences":[61,204],"manifest":[62],"tonal":[64,76],"languages.":[65],"The":[66,114],"current":[67],"study":[68,220],"extends":[69],"investigation":[71],"Mandarin":[73,227],"Chinese,":[74],"language,":[77],"examine":[79],"roles":[81],"vowels,":[83],"consonants,":[84],"lexical":[86,237],"tones":[87,156],"sound-shape":[89,140],"sound-size":[91,153],"Participants":[93],"heard":[94],"consonant-vowel-tone":[95],"syllables":[96],"rated":[98],"each":[99],"on":[100],"5-point":[102],"scale":[103],"rounder/more":[105],"shapes":[107],"or":[108],"larger/smaller":[109],"icons":[110],"at":[111],"opposite":[112],"ends.":[113],"results":[115],"confirmed":[116],"established":[118],"effect:":[120],"was":[122],"patterns":[128],"than":[129,193],"/i/.":[130],"Results":[131],"for":[132,208],"consonants":[133,235],"demonstrated":[134],"voiced-unvoiced":[137],"contrast":[138],"predicted":[139,202],"judgments,":[141],"aspirated-unaspirated":[144],"contrast,":[145],"which":[146],"less":[148],"prominent":[149],"English,":[151],"influenced":[152],"judgments.":[154],"Lexical":[155],"also":[157],"revealed":[158],"systematic":[159],"effects,":[160],"Tone":[162,165,168,172],"1":[163,185],"(flat),":[164],"2":[166,187],"(rising),":[167],"3":[169,195],"(falling-rising),":[170],"4":[173],"(falling)":[174],"progressively":[175],"matched":[176],"from":[177],"shapes,":[182],"Tones":[184,194],"were":[188],"sizes":[192],"4.":[197],"These":[198],"phonemic":[199,215],"features":[200],"reliably":[201],"even":[205],"when":[206],"controlling":[207],"acoustic":[209],"properties,":[210],"suggesting":[211],"robust":[212],"mappings":[213],"between":[214],"representations.":[218],"This":[219],"highlights":[221],"common":[223],"effects":[225],"across":[226],"revealing":[231],"unique":[232],"influences":[233],"tones,":[238],"underscoring":[239],"role":[241],"language":[243],"experience":[244],"shaping":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}