{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396613489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13432","title":"Solving Bongard Problems With a Visual Language and Pragmatic Constraints","display_name":"Solving Bongard Problems With a Visual Language and Pragmatic Constraints","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396613489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38700123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cogs.13432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cogs.13432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cogs.13432","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089744549","display_name":"Stefan Depeweg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Depeweg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science Universit\u00e4t Osnabr\u00fcck"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science Universit\u00e4t Osnabr\u00fcck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113196864","display_name":"Contantin A. Rothkopf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801628138","display_name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmv8m79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801628138"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144394","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology","ror":"https://ror.org/03aba6h29","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210144394"]}],"countries":["CZ","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Contantin A. Rothkopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cognitive Science & Institute of Psychology Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cognitive Science & Institute of Psychology Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144394","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801628138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071328699","display_name":"Frank J\u00e4kel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-7663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144394","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology","ror":"https://ror.org/03aba6h29","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210144394"]}],"countries":["CZ","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank J\u00e4kel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cognitive Science & Institute of Psychology Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cognitive Science & Institute of Psychology Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144394","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071328699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782","https://openalex.org/I4210144394"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"fwci":0.7237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6938098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"e13432","last_page":"e13432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515637874603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5814507007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5745845437049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5561947822570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5126444697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4773585796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.4309339225292206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3704882562160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34459054470062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3260228633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.3137615919113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1196509301662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10016575455665588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515637874603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5814507007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5745845437049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5561947822570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5126444697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4773585796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4309339225292206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3704882562160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34459054470062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3260228633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.3137615919113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1196509301662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10016575455665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cogs.13432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cogs.13432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38700123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38700123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive science","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:144800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/144800/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cogs.13432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cogs.13432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7354866258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ 01GQ0840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396613489.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W56013827","https://openalex.org/W61227084","https://openalex.org/W88030730","https://openalex.org/W89291759","https://openalex.org/W168365783","https://openalex.org/W1488252886","https://openalex.org/W1491175367","https://openalex.org/W1540302538","https://openalex.org/W1555563750","https://openalex.org/W1606219729","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1699946128","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1928882148","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W1983164551","https://openalex.org/W1993979041","https://openalex.org/W1999908130","https://openalex.org/W2021237916","https://openalex.org/W2027214577","https://openalex.org/W2027796863","https://openalex.org/W2055986305","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067737176","https://openalex.org/W2081443570","https://openalex.org/W2105096388","https://openalex.org/W2105820745","https://openalex.org/W2107647130","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2112912048","https://openalex.org/W2114813135","https://openalex.org/W2120841525","https://openalex.org/W2122988375","https://openalex.org/W2142336306","https://openalex.org/W2144862731","https://openalex.org/W2151498684","https://openalex.org/W2156406284","https://openalex.org/W2158910967","https://openalex.org/W2173959313","https://openalex.org/W2246013387","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2285184610","https://openalex.org/W2293453011","https://openalex.org/W2340316421","https://openalex.org/W2396147015","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2541673242","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2560730294","https://openalex.org/W2561187753","https://openalex.org/W2561715562","https://openalex.org/W2597923969","https://openalex.org/W2741637732","https://openalex.org/W2753523665","https://openalex.org/W2755020525","https://openalex.org/W2804180102","https://openalex.org/W2808580750","https://openalex.org/W2888339491","https://openalex.org/W2891021031","https://openalex.org/W2903142248","https://openalex.org/W2908633661","https://openalex.org/W2914105075","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2936338098","https://openalex.org/W2950104027","https://openalex.org/W2963518342","https://openalex.org/W2964118342","https://openalex.org/W2966070748","https://openalex.org/W2978723076","https://openalex.org/W3002983247","https://openalex.org/W3021483918","https://openalex.org/W3038401053","https://openalex.org/W3090110441","https://openalex.org/W3100711616","https://openalex.org/W3107587642","https://openalex.org/W3132397641","https://openalex.org/W3177100526","https://openalex.org/W3212516020","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4223622179","https://openalex.org/W4235344441","https://openalex.org/W4254519752","https://openalex.org/W4281716325","https://openalex.org/W4283733941","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W4310572212","https://openalex.org/W4311887664","https://openalex.org/W4311986967","https://openalex.org/W4312502942","https://openalex.org/W4362458506","https://openalex.org/W6602253551","https://openalex.org/W6602497997","https://openalex.org/W6603538157","https://openalex.org/W6606878759","https://openalex.org/W6629403180","https://openalex.org/W6640773114","https://openalex.org/W6648890490","https://openalex.org/W6665659361","https://openalex.org/W6666761814","https://openalex.org/W6672233183","https://openalex.org/W6675993143","https://openalex.org/W6676391964","https://openalex.org/W6678213136","https://openalex.org/W6681132238","https://openalex.org/W6683492581","https://openalex.org/W6687312770","https://openalex.org/W6691038654","https://openalex.org/W6693199996","https://openalex.org/W6695785519","https://openalex.org/W6716358881","https://openalex.org/W6732742072","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6750927662","https://openalex.org/W6752056529","https://openalex.org/W6760385162","https://openalex.org/W6765591853","https://openalex.org/W6777084905","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6790978476","https://openalex.org/W6798826965","https://openalex.org/W6843989031","https://openalex.org/W7019377246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372267530","https://openalex.org/W2969189870","https://openalex.org/W2965643117","https://openalex.org/W4303857162","https://openalex.org/W2407375987","https://openalex.org/W2505726097","https://openalex.org/W2010643158","https://openalex.org/W3049691116","https://openalex.org/W2106867672","https://openalex.org/W3081214562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1,150],"50":[2],"years":[3],"ago,":[4],"Bongard":[5,25,127,142,185],"introduced":[6],"100":[7],"visual":[8,61,74,85,169],"concept":[9,176,196],"learning":[10,177],"problems":[11,20,143],"as":[12,24],"a":[13,51,72,78,112,130],"challenge":[14],"for":[15,129,167],"artificial":[16,36],"vision":[17],"systems.":[18],"These":[19],"are":[21,29,63,105,181,189],"now":[22],"known":[23,31],"problems.":[26,134],"Although":[27],"they":[28,188],"well":[30],"in":[32,107,184],"cognitive":[33],"science":[34],"and":[35,68,94,122,163,200],"intelligence,":[37],"only":[38],"very":[39],"little":[40],"progress":[41],"has":[42],"been":[43],"made":[44],"toward":[45],"building":[46],"systems":[47],"that":[48,81,104,194],"can":[49,98,197],"solve":[50],"substantial":[52],"subset":[53,131],"of":[54,132],"them.":[55],"In":[56],"the":[57,102,116,123,155,179,195,207],"system":[58,162],"presented":[59],"here,":[60],"features":[62],"extracted":[64],"through":[65],"image":[66],"processing":[67],"then":[69],"translated":[70],"into":[71,211],"symbolic":[73],"vocabulary.":[75,90],"We":[76,110,153],"introduce":[77],"formal":[79],"language":[80,93],"allows":[82],"representing":[83],"compositional":[84],"concepts":[86,97,117],"based":[87],"on":[88],"this":[89,92,136,161],"Using":[91],"Bayesian":[95],"inference,":[96],"be":[99,198],"induced":[100],"from":[101,140],"examples":[103,180],"provided":[106],"each":[108],"problem.":[109],"find":[111],"reasonable":[113],"agreement":[114],"between":[115],"with":[118],"high":[119],"posterior":[120],"probability":[121],"solutions":[124],"formulated":[125],"by":[126],"himself":[128],"35":[133],"While":[135],"approach":[137],"is":[138],"far":[139],"solving":[141],"like":[144],"humans,":[145],"it":[146,203],"does":[147],"considerably":[148],"better":[149],"previous":[151],"approaches.":[152],"discuss":[154],"issues":[156],"we":[157,201],"encountered":[158],"while":[159],"developing":[160],"their":[164],"continuing":[165],"relevance":[166],"understanding":[168],"cognition.":[170],"For":[171],"instance,":[172],"contrary":[173],"to":[174,192,205],"other":[175],"problems,":[178],"not":[182],"random":[183],"problems;":[186],"instead":[187],"carefully":[190],"chosen":[191],"ensure":[193],"induced,":[199],"found":[202],"helpful":[204],"take":[206],"resulting":[208],"pragmatic":[209],"constraints":[210],"account.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}