{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202272419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70539","title":"One\u2010more\u2010vertex Next\u2010Event Estimation with Hierarchical Geometry Sampling","display_name":"One\u2010more\u2010vertex Next\u2010Event Estimation with Hierarchical Geometry Sampling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202272419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70539","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cgf.70539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cgf.70539","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074475664","display_name":"Jorge Juan Eiroa Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-0509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Garcia\u2010Pueyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-0509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095772479","display_name":"Nestor Monzon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nestor Monzon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-3233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021989787","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Jarabo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-0466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Jarabo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent researcher, Zaragoza  Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-0466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent researcher, Zaragoza  Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101897949","display_name":"Adolfo Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adolfo Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-7159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Zaragoza, I3A  Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83760684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.26989999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.26989999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.09109999984502792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-volume","display_name":"Bounding volume","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.38929998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184585634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434060","display_name":"Bounding volume","level":4,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158843486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137810","display_name":"Complex geometry","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30769735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165951","display_name":"Volume rendering","level":3,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779521785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535529","display_name":"Geometry processing","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53051483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861555","display_name":"Cube (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70539","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cgf.70539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70539","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cgf.70539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723095009","display_name":"Physical Cognition for Intelligent Control and Safe Human-Robot Interaction","funder_award_id":"101070310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202272419.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202272419.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544556366","https://openalex.org/W1613038574","https://openalex.org/W1893031899","https://openalex.org/W1895664702","https://openalex.org/W1974568352","https://openalex.org/W2010049697","https://openalex.org/W2024913359","https://openalex.org/W2040692352","https://openalex.org/W2054204552","https://openalex.org/W2076954462","https://openalex.org/W2104074610","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2135483992","https://openalex.org/W2136508043","https://openalex.org/W2151047098","https://openalex.org/W2473361822","https://openalex.org/W2617358009","https://openalex.org/W2731574721","https://openalex.org/W2883991368","https://openalex.org/W2887041975","https://openalex.org/W2964425571","https://openalex.org/W2979652999","https://openalex.org/W3203162642","https://openalex.org/W4200458628","https://openalex.org/W4206968470","https://openalex.org/W4226401892","https://openalex.org/W4251068582","https://openalex.org/W4282964287","https://openalex.org/W4285045414","https://openalex.org/W4288753160","https://openalex.org/W4400958529","https://openalex.org/W4411484276"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Robust":[1],"next\u2010event":[2],"estimation":[3],"(NEE)":[4],"remains":[5],"a":[6,70,96,102,116,128],"challenge":[7],"in":[8,146,162],"scenes":[9],"characterized":[10],"by":[11,127],"sparse":[12,43,170],"or":[13,64,172],"small\u2010scale":[14],"geometry":[15,78,144,171],"where":[16],"indirect":[17,167],"illumination":[18,168],"is":[19,125],"the":[20,42,89,108,111,123,143,147],"primary":[21],"transport":[22],"mechanism.":[23],"In":[24],"these":[25],"scenes,":[26],"traditional":[27],"path":[28,113],"construction,":[29],"which":[30],"relies":[31],"on":[32,83],"local":[33],"directional":[34],"sampling,":[35],"often":[36],"fails":[37],"to":[38,56,150],"find":[39],"intersections":[40],"with":[41],"geometry,":[44],"and":[45],"standard":[46],"NEE":[47],"also":[48],"struggles":[49],"as":[50,95,166],"it":[51],"typically":[52],"connects":[53],"vertices":[54],"directly":[55],"emitters,":[57],"failing":[58],"when":[59],"those":[60],"connections":[61],"are":[62],"occluded":[63],"require":[65],"intermediate":[66],"bounces.":[67],"We":[68,156],"propose":[69],"novel":[71],"approach":[72],"that":[73],"constructs":[74],"paths":[75],"via":[76],"direct":[77],"sampling.":[79],"Instead":[80],"of":[81,110,142,159],"relying":[82],"stochastic":[84,103],"ray":[85],"casting,":[86],"we":[87,106],"repurpose":[88],"scene's":[90],"bounding":[91],"volume":[92],"hierarchy":[93],"(BVH)":[94],"hierarchical":[97,117],"sampling":[98],"structure.":[99],"By":[100],"performing":[101],"top\u2010down":[104],"traversal,":[105],"transform":[107],"selection":[109],"next":[112],"vertex":[114],"into":[115],"problem.":[118],"To":[119],"prioritize":[120],"high\u2010throughput":[121],"connections,":[122],"traversal":[124],"guided":[126],"proxy":[129],"contribution":[130,153],"function":[131,138],"evaluated":[132],"at":[133],"each":[134],"internal":[135],"node.":[136],"This":[137],"leverages":[139],"aggregated":[140],"statistics":[141],"contained":[145],"BVH":[148],"nodes":[149],"efficiently":[151],"estimate":[152],"during":[154],"traversal.":[155],"demonstrate":[157],"orders":[158],"magnitude":[160],"improvements":[161],"complex":[163],"scenarios":[164],"such":[165],"from":[169],"rendering":[173],"discrete":[174],"scattering":[175],"media.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}