{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163564475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438","title":"Uncertainty\u2010Aware Visual Analysis of Force Networks in 2D Granular Materials","display_name":"Uncertainty\u2010Aware Visual Analysis of Force Networks in 2D Granular Materials","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163564475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137859051","display_name":"M. Evers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-5065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Evers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siegen  Germany","University of Stuttgart  Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-5065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siegen  Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart  Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137894568","display_name":"A. Naseer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6759-2952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Naseer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6759-2952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137848150","display_name":"T. G. Murthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-7710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137813580","display_name":"V. Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-1470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-1470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137815839","display_name":"T. Bin Masood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Bin Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University  Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-1086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University  Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137819819","display_name":"D. Weiskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Weiskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart  Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart  Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085208857","display_name":"I. Hotz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University  Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-0483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University  Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63596567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.7085000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.7085000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.04729999974370003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-material","display_name":"Granular material","score":0.6819000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-matter","display_name":"Granular matter","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-computing","display_name":"Granular computing","score":0.4350999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32568104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular material","level":2,"score":0.6819000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992895300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular matter","level":3,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17209119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596712","display_name":"Granular computing","level":3,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99740376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092520","display_name":"Interactive visual analysis","level":4,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43596424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98124957","display_name":"Probability and statistics","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1616605873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401459825","display_name":"TRR 161: Quantitative Methoden f\u00fcr Visual Computing","funder_award_id":"251654672","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7791537757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grants 2019\u201005487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8473783864","display_name":"Scientific data analysis and visualization via topology guided feature extraction and comparison","funder_award_id":"2023-04806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317161","display_name":"Swedish e-Science Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01e59yk92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W300909183","https://openalex.org/W1601042374","https://openalex.org/W1970569592","https://openalex.org/W1992593501","https://openalex.org/W2003146622","https://openalex.org/W2019714146","https://openalex.org/W2066303519","https://openalex.org/W2133238553","https://openalex.org/W2135415614","https://openalex.org/W2136618432","https://openalex.org/W2138199375","https://openalex.org/W2139694815","https://openalex.org/W2152762220","https://openalex.org/W2158453355","https://openalex.org/W2158604298","https://openalex.org/W2169171648","https://openalex.org/W2289850517","https://openalex.org/W2436895845","https://openalex.org/W2468929674","https://openalex.org/W2513635680","https://openalex.org/W2515800447","https://openalex.org/W2581291501","https://openalex.org/W2607129247","https://openalex.org/W2624934786","https://openalex.org/W2748454322","https://openalex.org/W2800857198","https://openalex.org/W2890729396","https://openalex.org/W2904418625","https://openalex.org/W2908205017","https://openalex.org/W2925326765","https://openalex.org/W3122998099","https://openalex.org/W3168198506","https://openalex.org/W3172286028","https://openalex.org/W3202443572","https://openalex.org/W3205790791","https://openalex.org/W4200039672","https://openalex.org/W4213165903","https://openalex.org/W4293697469","https://openalex.org/W4312161565","https://openalex.org/W4312884110","https://openalex.org/W4382794194","https://openalex.org/W4385977574","https://openalex.org/W4387950183","https://openalex.org/W4390790327","https://openalex.org/W4404238875","https://openalex.org/W4409749277","https://openalex.org/W4417264444","https://openalex.org/W6907685192","https://openalex.org/W6926636823","https://openalex.org/W7115009831","https://openalex.org/W7128221580","https://openalex.org/W7134174448"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Uncertainty":[1],"in":[2,33,76,136,152],"experimental":[3],"measurements":[4,55],"makes":[5],"it":[6,87],"challenging":[7],"to":[8,14,51,66],"determine":[9],"which":[10,18,34],"features":[11],"are":[12,19,48],"intrinsic":[13],"the":[15,35,41,71,123,137,162],"phenomenon":[16],"and":[17,22,68,131,140],"most":[20],"stable":[21],"reliable.":[23],"Granular":[24],"materials,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,53,88],"sand,":[28],"form":[29],"a":[30,95,111,153,165],"complex":[31],"system":[32],"forces":[36,47,75],"between":[37],"individual":[38],"particles":[39],"influence":[40],"material's":[42],"macroscopic":[43],"behavior.":[44],"However,":[45],"these":[46,108],"also":[49],"subject":[50],"uncertainty,":[52],"repeated":[54],"can":[56],"yield":[57],"different":[58,81],"results.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,102,147],"investigate":[64],"how":[65],"model":[67],"visually":[69],"analyze":[70],"uncertain":[72],"structure":[73],"of":[74,98,125,128,142,164,168],"granular":[77,99],"materials.":[78],"We":[79,116],"adopt":[80],"perspectives":[82,109],"on":[83],"uncertainty":[84],"by":[85],"considering":[86],"variance,":[89],"probability,":[90],"or":[91],"additional":[92],"variable.":[93],"For":[94],"nuanced":[96],"analysis":[97],"material":[100],"data,":[101],"propose":[103],"combining":[104],"visualizations":[105,120,127],"that":[106,121],"represent":[107],"into":[110],"single":[112],"visual":[113],"analytics":[114],"approach.":[115],"integrate":[117],"uncertainty\u2010aware":[118],"spatial":[119],"convey":[122],"probability":[124,144],"features,":[126],"derived":[129],"measures":[130],"their":[132],"variance":[133],"over":[134],"changes":[135],"packing":[138],"fraction,":[139],"overviews":[141],"varying":[143],"thresholds.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"evaluate":[148],"our":[149],"proposed":[150],"approach":[151],"case":[154],"study":[155],"conducted":[156],"together":[157],"with":[158],"geotechnical":[159],"engineers":[160],"for":[161],"example":[163],"2D":[166],"ensemble":[167],"photoelastic":[169],"disks.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}