{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154460336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70400","title":"Real\u2010time Rendering with a Neural Irradiance Volume","display_name":"Real\u2010time Rendering with a Neural Irradiance Volume","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154460336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009906462","display_name":"Arno Coomans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-5044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Coomans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-5044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045698362","display_name":"Giacomo Nazzaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Nazzaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3647-1659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230375","display_name":"Edoardo Alberto Dominici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9101-7279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo A. Dominici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9101-7279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107307333","display_name":"Christian D\u00f6ring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4763-8748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129353","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/038cdme44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian D\u00f6ring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4763-8748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002034143","display_name":"Floor Verhoeven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-0460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floor Verhoeven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-0460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076845118","display_name":"Konstantinos Vardis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Vardis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies  Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-4644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014594342","display_name":"Markus Steinberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-8536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["AT","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Steinberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz University of Technology  Austria","Huawei Technologies  Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-8536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz University of Technology  Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies  Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146936","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45918905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.828499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiance","display_name":"Irradiance","score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-aliasing","display_name":"Anti-aliasing","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.828499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534633266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774317","display_name":"Anti-aliasing","level":5,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30769735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165951","display_name":"Volume rendering","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8641274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030958","display_name":"Tone mapping","level":4,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148339","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2063995335","https://openalex.org/W2081579113","https://openalex.org/W2105649179","https://openalex.org/W2139618623","https://openalex.org/W2587370709","https://openalex.org/W2998555201","https://openalex.org/W3083463008","https://openalex.org/W3086190093","https://openalex.org/W3176679482","https://openalex.org/W3203806429","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4200391991","https://openalex.org/W4220986677","https://openalex.org/W4221151978","https://openalex.org/W4241716071","https://openalex.org/W4245933748","https://openalex.org/W4281488350","https://openalex.org/W4312679369","https://openalex.org/W4386841595","https://openalex.org/W4389575029","https://openalex.org/W4395043516","https://openalex.org/W4396852799","https://openalex.org/W4399115437","https://openalex.org/W4400819102","https://openalex.org/W4404965645","https://openalex.org/W4412596297","https://openalex.org/W4412596389","https://openalex.org/W4412673775"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rendering":[1],"diffuse":[2,71],"global":[3,72],"illumination":[4,73],"in":[5,15,37],"real\u2010time":[6,68],"is":[7,100],"often":[8],"approximated":[9],"by":[10,124],"pre\u2010computing":[11],"and":[12,52,94,107,133,190],"storing":[13],"irradiance":[14,32,39,140],"a":[16,62,75,135,193],"3D":[17],"grid":[18],"of":[19,25,70,82,110,116,138,144],"probes.":[20],"As":[21],"long":[22],"as":[23,87,195],"most":[24],"the":[26,38,80,88,113,129],"scene":[27],"remains":[28],"static,":[29],"probes":[30],"approximate":[31],"for":[33,187],"all":[34],"surfaces":[35],"immersed":[36],"volume,":[40],"including":[41],"novel":[42],"dynamic":[43,147],"objects.":[44],"This":[45],"approach,":[46],"however,":[47],"suffers":[48],"from":[49],"aliasing":[50,92],"artifacts":[51],"high":[53],"memory":[54,90,131,183],"consumption.":[55],"We":[56],"propose":[57],"Neural":[58],"Irradiance":[59],"Volume":[60],"(NIV),":[61],"neural\u2010based":[63],"technique":[64],"that":[65,101],"allows":[66],"accurate":[67],"rendering":[69,143,158],"via":[74],"compact":[76],"pre\u2010computed":[77],"model,":[78],"overcoming":[79],"limitations":[81],"traditional":[83],"probe\u2010based":[84],"methods,":[85],"such":[86],"expensive":[89,198],"footprint,":[91],"artifacts,":[93],"scene\u2010specific":[95],"heuristics.":[96],"The":[97],"key":[98],"insight":[99],"neural":[102,157],"compression":[103],"creates":[104],"an":[105],"adaptive":[106],"amortized":[108],"representation":[109,137],"irradiance,":[111],"circumventing":[112],"cubic":[114],"scaling":[115],"grid\u2010based":[117],"methods.":[118],"Our":[119],"superior":[120],"memory\u2010scaling":[121],"improves":[122],"quality":[123],"at":[125,128,153,178],"least":[126],"10x":[127],"same":[130],"budget,":[132],"enables":[134],"straightforward":[136],"higher\u2010dimensional":[139],"fields,":[141],"allowing":[142],"time\u2010varying":[145],"or":[146,201],"effects":[148],"without":[149,197],"requiring":[150],"additional":[151],"computation":[152],"runtime.":[154],"Unlike":[155],"other":[156],"techniques,":[159],"our":[160],"method":[161],"works":[162],"within":[163],"strict":[164],"realtime":[165],"constraints,":[166],"providing":[167],"fast":[168],"inference":[169],"(around":[170],"1":[171],"ms":[172],"per":[173],"frame":[174],"on":[175],"consumer":[176],"GPUs":[177],"full":[179],"HD":[180],"resolution),":[181],"reduced":[182],"usage":[184],"(1\u20135":[185],"MB":[186],"medium\u2010sized":[188],"scenes),":[189],"only":[191],"requires":[192],"G\u2010buffer":[194],"input,":[196],"ray":[199],"tracing":[200],"denoising.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}
