{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154332696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356","title":"A Texture\u2010Free Multi\u2010Scale Model for Surface\u2010Based Rendering of Knitted Fabrics","display_name":"A Texture\u2010Free Multi\u2010Scale Model for Surface\u2010Based Rendering of Knitted Fabrics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154332696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058582534","display_name":"Apoorv Khattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-1519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Apoorv Khattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester  United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-1519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester  United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133593090","display_name":"Jean\u2010Marie Aubry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166719","display_name":"WengFu Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqkcp91","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean\u2010Marie Aubry","raw_affiliation_strings":["WETAFX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WETAFX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756588","display_name":"Ling\u2010Qi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling\u2010Qi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133574781","display_name":"Zahra Montazeri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Montazeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester  United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester  United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058582534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45875543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.4569999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.4569999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.44690001010894775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.03420000150799751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yarn","display_name":"Yarn","score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-mapping","display_name":"Texture mapping","score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaving","display_name":"Weaving","score":0.34880000352859497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778787235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49007","display_name":"Yarn","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200585589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752176","display_name":"Texture mapping","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54525549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553445","display_name":"Weaving","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15759828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165074","display_name":"Parallax","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778307483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5149038","display_name":"Colored","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778090530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2523931","display_name":"Viewport","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019007443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3d model","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54243161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39333","display_name":"Texture compression","level":5,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207183524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708528","display_name":"Texture atlas","level":5,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4545112","https://openalex.org/W1979401884","https://openalex.org/W2000123870","https://openalex.org/W2004877425","https://openalex.org/W2015973708","https://openalex.org/W2067540766","https://openalex.org/W2076196913","https://openalex.org/W2120448006","https://openalex.org/W2139360395","https://openalex.org/W2146070876","https://openalex.org/W2261730354","https://openalex.org/W2294294220","https://openalex.org/W2295482983","https://openalex.org/W2474282698","https://openalex.org/W2586882010","https://openalex.org/W2902273131","https://openalex.org/W2970598176","https://openalex.org/W3108642013","https://openalex.org/W3136212143","https://openalex.org/W4285981729","https://openalex.org/W4381384767","https://openalex.org/W4385534537","https://openalex.org/W4400582211","https://openalex.org/W4412596375","https://openalex.org/W4412673744"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Knitted":[1],"fabrics":[2],"present":[3],"unique":[4],"challenges":[5],"for":[6,50,140],"realistic":[7,91],"rendering":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,124],"their":[11],"complicated":[12],"structure":[13,169],"and":[14,36,62,98,131,136,149],"scale\u2010dependent":[15],"appearance.":[16],"Existing":[17],"methods":[18,153],"typically":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21],"explicit":[22,70],"yarn":[23,71],"geometry,":[24,74],"which":[25,54],"is":[26],"computationally":[27],"complex,":[28],"or":[29,72,177],"texture\u2010based":[30,181],"representations":[31],"that":[32,111,128],"require":[33],"heavy":[34],"storage":[35,178],"precomputed":[37],"maps.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,104,119],"introduce":[43],"the":[44,77,121,147,155,175],"first":[45],"texture\u2010free,":[46],"surface\u2010based":[47,86,152],"appearance":[48,114,122],"model":[49,123,145],"knitted":[51],"fabrics,":[52],"in":[53,170],"stitches":[55],"are":[56],"represented":[57],"parametrically":[58],"as":[59,95,166],"thick":[60],"curves":[61],"mapped":[63],"directly":[64],"onto":[65],"fabric":[66],"meshes.":[67],"This":[68],"avoids":[69],"fiber":[73],"yet":[75],"preserves":[76],"characteristic":[78,162],"3D":[79,167],"look":[80],"of":[81,151,158,180],"yarn\u2010based":[82],"models.":[83],"Unlike":[84],"prior":[85],"approaches,":[87],"our":[88],"method":[89],"produces":[90],"volumetric":[92,156],"effects":[93,164],"such":[94,165],"depth,":[96],"parallax,":[97],"silhouette":[99],"preservation.":[100],"To":[101],"achieve":[102],"this,":[103],"propose":[105],"a":[106,125,171],"curvature\u2010aware":[107],"parallax":[108],"mapping":[109],"technique":[110],"ensures":[112],"coherent":[113],"at":[115],"grazing":[116],"angles.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"extend":[120],"multi\u2010scale":[126,172],"formulation":[127],"aggregates":[129],"geometry":[130],"visibility":[132],"over":[133],"texture":[134],"footprints":[135],"adjusts":[137],"roughness":[138],"parameters":[139],"stable":[141],"far\u2010field":[142],"rendering.":[143],"Our":[144],"combines":[146],"efficiency":[148],"simplicity":[150],"with":[154],"realism":[157],"fiber\u2010based":[159],"models,":[160],"reproducing":[161],"knit":[163],"stitch":[168],"manner":[173],"without":[174],"complexity":[176],"cost":[179],"approaches.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}