{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153061801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323","title":"3D Character Reconstruction from Hand\u2010drawn Model Sheets","display_name":"3D Character Reconstruction from Hand\u2010drawn Model Sheets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153061801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110228332","display_name":"Hyunse Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4423-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyejeong Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH  South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4423-8544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH  South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2799891827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048174814","display_name":"Wonjong Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjong Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH  South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-9399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH  South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2799891827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133392646","display_name":"Yoonha Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5919-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonha Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH  South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5919-4184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH  South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2799891827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seungyong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8159-4271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seungyong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH  South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8159-4271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH  South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2799891827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2799891827"],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41931581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.7994999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.7994999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.08789999783039093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.029400000348687172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-reconstruction","display_name":"3D reconstruction","score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-synthesis","display_name":"Texture synthesis","score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-model","display_name":"3d model","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.3862000107765198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7487999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109950114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4464732","display_name":"3D reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50494287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658467","display_name":"Texture synthesis","level":5,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019007443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3d model","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200585589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752176","display_name":"Texture mapping","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20885615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595","display_name":"Surface reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3D modeling","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166154","display_name":"Line segment","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983864324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16872183","display_name":"Line drawings","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113230428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247149","display_name":"Procedural modeling","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776863239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936601","display_name":"Visual hull","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.70323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3217361390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS\u20102025\u201002216257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309788","funder_display_name":"Neurosciences Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6397389216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS\u20102024\u201000451947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309788","funder_display_name":"Neurosciences Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309788","display_name":"Neurosciences Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05exfab56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W1975636777","https://openalex.org/W1996135899","https://openalex.org/W1998999651","https://openalex.org/W2007417549","https://openalex.org/W2079017595","https://openalex.org/W2088096262","https://openalex.org/W2092692154","https://openalex.org/W2100893637","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2169887425","https://openalex.org/W2346167159","https://openalex.org/W2739245956","https://openalex.org/W2798996910","https://openalex.org/W2897941598","https://openalex.org/W3000113330","https://openalex.org/W3035575130","https://openalex.org/W3082170814","https://openalex.org/W3091673056","https://openalex.org/W3106672182","https://openalex.org/W3107593830","https://openalex.org/W4205191326","https://openalex.org/W4214579621","https://openalex.org/W4233623915","https://openalex.org/W4256269467","https://openalex.org/W4281481156","https://openalex.org/W4286611166","https://openalex.org/W4291220449","https://openalex.org/W4312353784","https://openalex.org/W4312631989","https://openalex.org/W4366407873","https://openalex.org/W4376122412","https://openalex.org/W4385527421","https://openalex.org/W4385537219","https://openalex.org/W4385764013","https://openalex.org/W4386075627","https://openalex.org/W4386075847","https://openalex.org/W4386075992","https://openalex.org/W4386290346","https://openalex.org/W4388045327","https://openalex.org/W4389362885","https://openalex.org/W4390873542","https://openalex.org/W4400818150","https://openalex.org/W4402703006","https://openalex.org/W4402733585","https://openalex.org/W4402771005","https://openalex.org/W4404968242","https://openalex.org/W4412673687","https://openalex.org/W4413147632","https://openalex.org/W4416286439"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Hand\u2010drawn":[1],"model":[2,62,81,93,219],"sheets":[3,63],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,161],"character":[8],"design":[9],"to":[10,32,89,145,180],"define":[11],"3D":[12,21,37,46,79,116,205],"shape":[13],"and":[14,85,124,149,177,184,214],"appearance":[15],"through":[16],"sparse":[17,25],"multi\u2010view":[18,111,147],"drawings.":[19],"Reconstructing":[20],"characters":[22,47],"from":[23,50],"such":[24,96],"inputs":[26],"has":[27],"traditionally":[28],"been":[29],"challenging":[30],"due":[31],"insufficient":[33],"visual":[34,215],"information.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"generative":[38,80,206],"models":[39],"have":[40],"enabled":[41],"automatic":[42],"reconstruction":[43,84],"of":[44,77,172,201,204,217],"plausible":[45],"by":[48],"learning":[49],"large\u2010scale":[51],"training":[52],"data,":[53],"but":[54],"achieving":[55],"reconstructions":[56],"that":[57,73,157,194],"accurately":[58],"match":[59],"the":[60,75,87,106,114,143,202],"input":[61,92,218],"remains":[64],"limited.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,99,141],"present":[70],"a":[71,78,151],"framework":[72],"leverages":[74],"power":[76],"for":[82,187],"initial":[83],"enhances":[86],"output":[88],"faithfully":[90],"reproduce":[91],"sheets.":[94,220],"For":[95],"faithful":[97],"reconstruction,":[98],"must":[100],"address":[101,138],"two":[102],"fundamental":[103],"challenges:":[104],"(1)":[105],"hand\u2010drawn":[107],"nature":[108],"inherently":[109],"introduces":[110],"inconsistencies":[112,148],"where":[113],"generated":[115],"geometry":[117,130,144],"cannot":[118],"perfectly":[119],"align":[120],"with":[121,133],"all":[122],"views,":[123],"(2)":[125],"view\u2010dependent":[126,173,183],"line":[127],"elements":[128],"along":[129],"boundaries":[131],"interfere":[132],"accurate":[134],"texture":[135],"reconstruction.":[136,190],"To":[137],"these":[139],"challenges,":[140],"optimize":[142],"minimize":[146],"introduce":[150],"deformable":[152],"per\u2010pixel":[153],"camera":[154],"ray":[155],"representation":[156],"resolves":[158],"residual":[159],"discrepancies":[160],"cross\u2010view":[162,189],"correspondences.":[163],"We":[164],"also":[165],"decompose":[166],"drawings":[167],"into":[168],"three":[169],"distinct":[170],"layers":[171],"lines,":[174],"view\u2010independent":[175,185],"colors,":[176],"fine\u2010detail":[178],"decals":[179],"separately":[181],"handle":[182],"components":[186],"consistent":[188],"Comprehensive":[191],"experiments":[192],"demonstrate":[193],"our":[195],"method":[196],"outperforms":[197],"possible":[198],"alternatives":[199],"regardless":[200],"choice":[203],"model,":[207],"while":[208],"successfully":[209],"preserving":[210],"both":[211],"artistic":[212],"intent":[213],"fidelity":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-11T00:00:00"}
