{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412820939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.70001","title":"Learning by teaching with ChatGPT : The effect of teachable ChatGPT agent on programming education","display_name":"Learning by teaching with ChatGPT : The effect of teachable ChatGPT agent on programming education","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412820939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.70001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/bjet.70001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.70001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110346167","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","issn_l":"0007-1013","issn":["0007-1013","1467-8535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045761209","display_name":"Angxuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0717-7552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angxuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Technology Peking University  Beijing China","Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Technology Peking University  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660807","display_name":"Wei Y","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-4011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab of Artificial Intelligence for Education East China Normal University  Shanghai China","Lab of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-4011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab of Artificial Intelligence for Education East China Normal University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101404414","display_name":"Huixiao Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-6996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huixiao Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Technology Peking University  Beijing China","Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Technology Peking University  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046903577","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-9211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University  Beijing China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101660807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99261993,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"163","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44693997502326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachable-moment","display_name":"Teachable moment","score":0.42964881658554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.410998672246933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.33913925290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32628756761550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30327096581459045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44693997502326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93206822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7691177","display_name":"Teachable moment","level":2,"score":0.42964881658554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.410998672246933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.33913925290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32628756761550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30327096581459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/bjet.70001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.70001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110346167","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","issn_l":"0007-1013","issn":["0007-1013","1467-8535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107629063","https://openalex.org/W595197191","https://openalex.org/W940491163","https://openalex.org/W1544649311","https://openalex.org/W1552971165","https://openalex.org/W1554414741","https://openalex.org/W1577379552","https://openalex.org/W1598140581","https://openalex.org/W1603756511","https://openalex.org/W1701865079","https://openalex.org/W1741890539","https://openalex.org/W1846888044","https://openalex.org/W1941705361","https://openalex.org/W1975429316","https://openalex.org/W1990647601","https://openalex.org/W1998808780","https://openalex.org/W2001319819","https://openalex.org/W2011741190","https://openalex.org/W2013364658","https://openalex.org/W2027887014","https://openalex.org/W2035061933","https://openalex.org/W2040377914","https://openalex.org/W2050240064","https://openalex.org/W2050731586","https://openalex.org/W2053692867","https://openalex.org/W2053976921","https://openalex.org/W2070635017","https://openalex.org/W2093782067","https://openalex.org/W2095113665","https://openalex.org/W2105507325","https://openalex.org/W2106760415","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2117766479","https://openalex.org/W2128332525","https://openalex.org/W2138170171","https://openalex.org/W2152336442","https://openalex.org/W2193411874","https://openalex.org/W2293928746","https://openalex.org/W2322502356","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2597900308","https://openalex.org/W2796929977","https://openalex.org/W2809530590","https://openalex.org/W2869536260","https://openalex.org/W2886178087","https://openalex.org/W2963240104","https://openalex.org/W2994047828","https://openalex.org/W3047380856","https://openalex.org/W3182465422","https://openalex.org/W3210001535","https://openalex.org/W4226278401","https://openalex.org/W4233145949","https://openalex.org/W4249187927","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4313479339","https://openalex.org/W4321013654","https://openalex.org/W4361866080","https://openalex.org/W4366003742","https://openalex.org/W4366420437","https://openalex.org/W4377865938","https://openalex.org/W4378468533","https://openalex.org/W4378770584","https://openalex.org/W4380568688","https://openalex.org/W4384659608","https://openalex.org/W4385071300","https://openalex.org/W4385889839","https://openalex.org/W4385890179","https://openalex.org/W4385988359","https://openalex.org/W4386929207","https://openalex.org/W4387636003","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4389486565","https://openalex.org/W4389518771","https://openalex.org/W4391493916","https://openalex.org/W4391584367","https://openalex.org/W4394974898","https://openalex.org/W4396833177","https://openalex.org/W4402273575","https://openalex.org/W4402571273","https://openalex.org/W4403937049","https://openalex.org/W4405211386","https://openalex.org/W4412184983","https://openalex.org/W4412496677","https://openalex.org/W4413861983","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6850764995","https://openalex.org/W6855007681","https://openalex.org/W6857691370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1996060704","https://openalex.org/W3198121469","https://openalex.org/W3068363297","https://openalex.org/W2072688930","https://openalex.org/W2005519435","https://openalex.org/W2042657352","https://openalex.org/W4285046536","https://openalex.org/W145895909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,257,276],"study":[2,121,258,277],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,108,136,205,223,244,353],"potential":[5,153,229],"of":[6,110,207,246],"using":[7],"ChatGPT":[8,62,112,227,248,265,284,308],"as":[9,154,210],"a":[10,155,198,263,282],"teachable":[11,34,156,208,247,264,283,320,359],"agent":[12,266,285],"to":[13,88,91,135,230,238,302,307,312,330],"support":[14,55,217],"students'":[15,64,100,146],"learning":[16,24,102,261],"through":[17,310],"teaching,":[18],"specifically":[19],"in":[20,71,125,144,222,322],"programming":[21,68,271,323,339],"education.":[22,172],"While":[23],"by":[25,183],"teaching":[26,61,111,184,233,241,281],"(LBT)":[27,185],"is":[28,176,186],"an":[29,129,187],"effective":[30,188],"pedagogical":[31,165],"strategy,":[32],"traditional":[33],"agents":[35,209,215,249,309,321],"often":[36,196],"struggle":[37],"with":[38,48,128,262,335],"facilitating":[39],"dynamic,":[40,219],"dialogue\u2010based":[41,220],"interactions.":[42],"Our":[43],"research":[44,150,162,342],"explored":[45,204],"whether":[46],"ChatGPT,":[47],"its":[49,79],"advanced":[50],"conversational":[51],"capabilities,":[52],"can":[53,133,299,348],"effectively":[54],"this":[56,149,180,254],"process.":[57,225],"Findings":[58],"indicate":[59],"that":[60,107,191,260,280,332],"improved":[63,267],"knowledge":[65,269],"gains":[66],"and":[67,74,116,139,167,235,273,337,357],"abilities,":[69],"particularly":[70],"writing":[72],"readable":[73],"logically":[75],"sound":[76],"code.":[77],"However,":[78,243],"impact":[80],"on":[81,163],"error\u2010correction":[82,291],"skills":[83],"was":[84],"limited,":[85],"likely":[86],"due":[87],"ChatGPT's":[89,141,152],"tendency":[90],"generate":[92],"correct":[93],"code,":[94],"thus":[95],"reducing":[96],"debugging":[97],"opportunities.":[98],"Notably,":[99],"self\u2010regulated":[101],"(SRL)":[103],"abilities":[104,272],"improved,":[105],"suggesting":[106],"act":[109],"enhances":[113],"learners'":[114,193,268,290],"self\u2010efficacy":[115],"SRL":[117,274,346],"strategy":[118],"implementation.":[119],"The":[120],"discusses":[122],"how":[123,345],"engaging":[124],"instructional":[126,189],"dialogues":[127],"artificial":[130],"intelligence":[131],"(AI)":[132],"contribute":[134],"LBT":[137,224],"process":[138],"explores":[140],"specific":[142],"role":[143],"supporting":[145],"SRL.":[147],"Overall,":[148],"highlights":[151],"agent,":[157],"offering":[158],"insights":[159],"for":[160,171,218,294],"future":[161],"AI\u2010driven":[164],"tools":[166],"their":[168,240],"broader":[169],"implications":[170],"Practitioner":[173],"notes":[174],"What":[175,253],"already":[177],"known":[178],"about":[179],"topic?":[181],"Learning":[182],"method":[190],"fosters":[192],"active":[194],"learning,":[195],"within":[197],"social":[199],"context.":[200],"Previous":[201],"studies":[202],"have":[203],"effect":[206],"virtual":[211],"students,":[212],"but":[213],"most":[214],"lack":[216],"interactions":[221,234,354],"Currently,":[226],"shows":[228],"facilitate":[231],"flexible":[232],"allows":[236],"learners":[237,301],"adapt":[239],"strategies.":[242],"effectiveness":[245],"remains":[250],"largely":[251],"unknown.":[252],"paper":[255],"adds?":[256],"showed":[259],"gains,":[270],"abilities.":[275,292],"also":[278],"found":[279],"did":[286],"not":[287],"significantly":[288],"benefit":[289],"Implications":[293],"practice":[295],"and/or":[296],"policy":[297],"Educators":[298],"encourage":[300],"teach":[303],"or":[304],"explain":[305],"concepts":[306],"dialogue":[311],"promote":[313],"deeper":[314],"cognitive":[315],"processes.":[316],"When":[317],"designing":[318],"ChatGPT\u2010based":[319,358],"education,":[324],"errors":[325],"should":[326,343],"be":[327,349],"carefully":[328],"designed":[329],"ensure":[331],"students":[333,356],"engage":[334],"meaningful":[336],"representative":[338],"challenges.":[340],"Future":[341],"explore":[344],"strategies":[347],"better":[350],"integrated":[351],"into":[352],"between":[355],"agents.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}