{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040692352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","title":"An Inexpensive BRDF Model for Physically\u2010based Rendering","display_name":"An Inexpensive BRDF Model for Physically\u2010based Rendering","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040692352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","mag":"2040692352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032972425","display_name":"Christophe Schlick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142254","display_name":"Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/03adqg323","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210142254","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Schlick","raw_affiliation_strings":["LaBRI 1 351 cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, FRANCE schlick@labri.u-bordeaux.fr","LaBRI1 351 cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, FRANCE schlick@labri.u-bordeaux.fr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaBRI 1 351 cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, FRANCE schlick@labri.u-bordeaux.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaBRI1 351 cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, FRANCE schlick@labri.u-bordeaux.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142254"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032972425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210142254"],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.18,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":428,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75759717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"233","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.8307281732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.772254467010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7694135904312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5897142887115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5414254069328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.492258220911026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.46758270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4327761232852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.43015623092651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.4149673879146576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3802655339241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.36206120252609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.2747054398059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.1847001314163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17119446396827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11542776226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09131836891174316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.8307281732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.772254467010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7694135904312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5897142887115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5414254069328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.492258220911026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.46758270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4327761232852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43015623092651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.4149673879146576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3802655339241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.36206120252609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.2747054398059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.1847001314163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17119446396827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11542776226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09131836891174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1330233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.5173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.5173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.labri.fr/Labri/Publications/Rapports-internes/RR-79594.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.50.2297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.50.2297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.labri.u-bordeaux.fr/Equipe/SAIm/PAPER/schl94b.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996671438","https://openalex.org/W2368019753","https://openalex.org/W2063805703","https://openalex.org/W2611841783","https://openalex.org/W2333930193","https://openalex.org/W4382897192","https://openalex.org/W2158803563","https://openalex.org/W2010071472","https://openalex.org/W2737356002","https://openalex.org/W2221819563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"A":[1],"new":[2],"BRDF":[3],"model":[4,16,68],"is":[5],"presented":[6],"which":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"viewed":[10],"as":[11],"an":[12],"kind":[13],"of":[14,23,87],"intermediary":[15],"between":[17,62],"empirism":[18],"and":[19,33,49,58,64,77,94],"theory.":[20],"Main":[21],"results":[22],"physics":[24],"are":[25,40],"observed":[26],"(energy":[27],"conservation,":[28],"reciprocity":[29],"rule,":[30],"microfacet":[31],"theory)":[32],"numerous":[34],"phenomena":[35],"involved":[36],"in":[37,43],"light":[38],"reflection":[39],"accounted":[41],"for,":[42],"a":[44],"physically":[45],"plausible":[46],"way":[47],"(incoherent":[48],"coherent":[50],"reflection,":[51,60],"spectrum":[52],"modifications,":[53],"anisotropy,":[54],"self\u2010shadowing,":[55],"multiple":[56],"surface":[57],"subsurface":[59],"differences":[61],"homogeneous":[63],"heterogeneous":[65],"materials).":[66],"The":[67],"has":[69],"been":[70],"especially":[71],"intended":[72],"for":[73],"computer":[74],"graphics":[75],"applications":[76],"therefore":[78],"includes":[79],"two":[80],"main":[81],"features:":[82],"simplicity":[83],"(a":[84],"small":[85],"number":[86],"intuitively":[88],"understandable":[89],"parameters":[90],"controls":[91],"the":[92],"model)":[93],"efficiency":[95],"(the":[96],"formulation":[97],"provides":[98],"adequation":[99],"to":[100],"Monte\u2010Carlo":[101],"rendering":[102],"techniques":[103],"and/or":[104],"hardware":[105],"implementations).":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
