{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317642545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878","title":"Hybrid SUN-LoRa Network on a Low Altitude Platform for Remote Water Quality Monitoring","display_name":"Hybrid SUN-LoRa Network on a Low Altitude Platform for Remote Water Quality Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317642545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051721069","display_name":"Azril Haniz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-0848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Azril Haniz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,Wireless Systems Laboratory,Japan","Wireless Systems Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,Wireless Systems Laboratory,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008522950","display_name":"Takeshi Matsumura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-8847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Matsumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,Wireless Systems Laboratory,Japan","Wireless Systems Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,Wireless Systems Laboratory,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051849636","display_name":"Haider A. H. Alobaidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider A.H. Alobaidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063798307","display_name":"Mehran Behjati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehran Behjati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060844784","display_name":"Rosdiadee Nordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosdiadee Nordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080151430","display_name":"Nor Fadzilah Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-5603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Fadzilah Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J.S. Mandeep","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Mandeep","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,Dept. of Electrical,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071621881","display_name":"Nordin Ramli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891303086","display_name":"MIMOS (Malaysia)","ror":"https://ror.org/01k94e681","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891303086"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nordin Ramli","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIMOS Berhad,Malaysia","MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMOS Berhad,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891303086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891303086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051721069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84725357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"363","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.7189918756484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7156363129615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6180596351623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5566700100898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5233094692230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5193499326705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4467160403728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4410797357559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4282180070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36322635412216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3239101767539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3224959969520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15430942177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1317848265171051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.7189918756484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7156363129615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6180596351623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5566700100898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5233094692230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5193499326705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4467160403728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4410797357559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4282180070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36322635412216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3239101767539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3224959969520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15430942177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1317848265171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8008311895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2019/TK04/UKM/02/8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321147","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321147","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0512bh102"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143572387","https://openalex.org/W2773228702","https://openalex.org/W2778525254","https://openalex.org/W2790620187","https://openalex.org/W2941265976","https://openalex.org/W2969225015","https://openalex.org/W3011088055","https://openalex.org/W4221003558","https://openalex.org/W4226248877","https://openalex.org/W4285089611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2358825988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"implementing":[1],"remote":[2],"water":[3,97],"quality":[4,98],"monitoring":[5],"systems":[6],"in":[7,17,104,138,164],"harsh":[8],"tropical":[9],"environments,":[10],"several":[11,70],"issues":[12,28,77],"need":[13],"to":[14,19,74,95,120,143,192],"be":[15,51],"addressed":[16],"order":[18],"achieve":[20,127],"reliable":[21],"data":[22,100,160,172],"collection":[23],"from":[24,101,161,166],"many":[25],"sensors.":[26],"These":[27],"include":[29],"poor":[30],"coverage":[31],"of":[32,69,82,177],"existing":[33,55,71],"cellular-based":[34],"networks,":[35],"mountainous":[36,106],"terrain":[37],"and":[38,45,90,126,183],"thick":[39],"foliage":[40],"which":[41,49,65],"may":[42,50],"obstruct":[43],"line-of-sight,":[44],"large":[46],"transmission":[47,125,129],"distances":[48],"difficult":[52],"for":[53,148],"some":[54],"wireless":[56,72],"technologies.":[57],"This":[58,109,131],"paper":[59,132],"proposes":[60],"a":[61,67,102,105,115,162,174],"novel":[62],"system":[63,150,157],"architecture":[64],"employs":[66],"hybrid":[68],"technologies":[73,92],"address":[75],"the":[76,122,134,155,167],"mentioned":[78],"above.":[79],"A":[80],"combination":[81],"Smart":[83],"Utility":[84],"Network":[85],"(SUN),":[86],"Long":[87],"Range":[88],"(LoRa)":[89],"Wi-Fi":[91],"are":[93],"utilized":[94],"collect":[96,159],"sensor":[99,163],"lake":[103,141],"rural":[107],"area.":[108],"heterogeneous":[110],"network":[111],"is":[112],"assisted":[113,186],"by":[114,170,187],"low":[116],"altitude":[117],"platform":[118],"(LAP)":[119],"overcome":[121],"non-line-sight":[123],"(NLOS)":[124],"further":[128],"distance.":[130],"reports":[133],"drive":[135],"test":[136],"results":[137],"an":[139,188],"actual":[140],"environment":[142],"determine":[144],"suitable":[145],"node":[146],"locations":[147],"preliminary":[149],"verification.":[151],"Results":[152],"confirmed":[153],"that":[154],"proposed":[156],"could":[158],"NLOS":[165],"center":[168],"station":[169],"relaying":[171],"over":[173],"ground":[175],"distance":[176],"2.4":[178],"km":[179],"using":[180],"multiple":[181],"SUN":[182],"LoRa":[184],"devices":[185],"air":[189],"balloon":[190],"lifted":[191],"93":[193],"m.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}