{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131174949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","title":"Intelligent Search in Digital Documents","display_name":"Intelligent Search in Digital Documents","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131174949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","mag":"2131174949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063432011","display_name":"Asad Masood Khattak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asad Masood Khattak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113576700","display_name":"Jibran Mustafa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jibran Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112277360","display_name":"Nabeel Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabeel Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043381422","display_name":"Khalid Latif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794113","display_name":"Sharifullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-0844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10648678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"558","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8827041387557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.8520044088363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.7343583106994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5867311954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-search","display_name":"Concept search","score":0.5378685593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-search","display_name":"Semantic search","score":0.5103394389152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-library","display_name":"Digital library","score":0.5038408637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Explicit semantic analysis","score":0.44265273213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-information-retrieval","display_name":"Human\u2013computer information retrieval","score":0.43245238065719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.42908450961112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4229722023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4170486629009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.3525412976741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-technology","display_name":"Semantic technology","score":0.2982841730117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.22370082139968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.19031691551208496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8827041387557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.8520044088363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.7343583106994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5867311954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182861755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158391","display_name":"Concept search","level":4,"score":0.5378685593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166423231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891170","display_name":"Semantic search","level":3,"score":0.5103394389152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.5038408637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173862523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421270","display_name":"Explicit semantic analysis","level":5,"score":0.44265273213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90288658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318149","display_name":"Human\u2013computer information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.43245238065719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.42908450961112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4229722023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4170486629009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.3525412976741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.2982841730117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.22370082139968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.19031691551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiiat.2008.208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152870918","https://openalex.org/W1044514684","https://openalex.org/W1506411770","https://openalex.org/W1527201036","https://openalex.org/W1593582629","https://openalex.org/W2002094685","https://openalex.org/W2039601877","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2105877749","https://openalex.org/W2113261005","https://openalex.org/W2115741568","https://openalex.org/W2134126205","https://openalex.org/W2140735141","https://openalex.org/W2162427312","https://openalex.org/W2167905996","https://openalex.org/W2748445819","https://openalex.org/W4253974119","https://openalex.org/W6606215974","https://openalex.org/W6627286780","https://openalex.org/W6743150567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377391927","https://openalex.org/W2156467700","https://openalex.org/W2018066836","https://openalex.org/W3086729422","https://openalex.org/W1972465254","https://openalex.org/W2157256185","https://openalex.org/W4300998812","https://openalex.org/W2152479258","https://openalex.org/W1603321213","https://openalex.org/W2376633828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"repositories,":[1,25],"containing":[2,20],"digital":[3],"documents":[4,19],"are":[5,64],"usually":[6],"maintained":[7],"and":[8,79,85],"managed":[9],"independently":[10],"according":[11],"to":[12,33],"organization/users":[13],"own":[14],"requirements.":[15],"Same":[16],"information":[17,39,60,70],"(i.e.":[18],"same":[21],"information)":[22],"in":[23,43,72],"different":[24],"may":[26],"be":[27],"represented":[28],"differently,":[29],"makes":[30],"it":[31],"hard":[32],"retrieve":[34],"desired":[35],"information.":[36],"Keyword":[37],"based":[38,69],"retrieval":[40,61],"technique":[41],"helps":[42],"improving":[44],"recall":[45],"of":[46],"user":[47],"query":[48],"result,":[49],"but":[50],"having":[51],"low":[52],"precision.":[53],"To":[54],"improve":[55],"precision,":[56],"we":[57],"adopt":[58],"semantic":[59,68,89],"technique.":[62],"We":[63],"proposing":[65],"architecture":[66],"for":[67,88],"retrieval,":[71],"which":[73],"plain":[74],"text":[75],"is":[76,83],"read":[77],"semantically":[78],"the":[80],"extracted":[81],"metadata":[82],"stored":[84],"later":[86],"used":[87],"search.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}