{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193413059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","title":"Design of a Portable Shape Display for Augmented Reality","display_name":"Design of a Portable Shape Display for Augmented Reality","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193413059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","mag":"3193413059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xt2w6fv","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074545750","display_name":"Tse Tsui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tse Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064903569","display_name":"Tania K. Morimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tania K. Morimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074545750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4748,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59670993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7997664213180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7717239260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.7394582629203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.6934388875961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6728302836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechatronics","display_name":"Mechatronics","score":0.514141857624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4241534173488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-feedback","display_name":"Visual feedback","score":0.418901652097702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3548274636268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35465067625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.331243097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.13856816291809082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7997664213180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7717239260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.7394582629203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.6934388875961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6728302836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.514141857624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4241534173488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020716817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4132092","display_name":"Visual feedback","level":2,"score":0.418901652097702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3548274636268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35465067625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.331243097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.13856816291809082}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9xt2w6fv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xt2w6fv","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xt2w6fv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9xt2w6fv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xt2w6fv","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xt2w6fv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193413059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193413059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977229486","https://openalex.org/W1978512749","https://openalex.org/W2109525705","https://openalex.org/W2119761735","https://openalex.org/W2142859885","https://openalex.org/W2143131345","https://openalex.org/W2144389685","https://openalex.org/W2149003305","https://openalex.org/W2153054042","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2565842466","https://openalex.org/W2609285553","https://openalex.org/W2611034475","https://openalex.org/W2612110125","https://openalex.org/W2766544714","https://openalex.org/W2786158031","https://openalex.org/W2795653227","https://openalex.org/W2796014682","https://openalex.org/W2897976513","https://openalex.org/W3031954512","https://openalex.org/W3120040354","https://openalex.org/W3121386509","https://openalex.org/W4240162252","https://openalex.org/W6778658575","https://openalex.org/W6789147296","https://openalex.org/W7006522969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992503747","https://openalex.org/W2371519816","https://openalex.org/W2043154226","https://openalex.org/W2369529107","https://openalex.org/W2329043542","https://openalex.org/W2109948066","https://openalex.org/W1678858522","https://openalex.org/W603544797","https://openalex.org/W2727515034","https://openalex.org/W4229007140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,47],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,16,49,53,87],"portable":[3,43],"pin-based":[4],"shape":[5,100,112],"display":[6],"for":[7,145],"augmented":[8,30],"reality":[9,31],"that":[10],"enables":[11],"active":[12,131],"environment":[13],"exploration":[14],"over":[15],"large":[17],"workspace.":[18],"As":[19],"users":[20],"explore":[21],"the":[22,29,35,42,57,61,68,82,93,96,110,117,120,127,146],"environment,":[23],"our":[24],"custom":[25],"Unity":[26],"App":[27],"displays":[28],"objects":[32],"and":[33,85],"computes":[34],"associated":[36],"shapes":[37],"to":[38,59,91,122,125,139],"be":[39,123],"rendered":[40],"on":[41,67,77],"3x3":[44],"pin":[45],"array.":[46],"conducted":[48,86],"user":[50,89],"study":[51,90],"using":[52],"non-mechatronic":[54],"version":[55],"of":[56,63,71,95,119],"device":[58,84,97,121],"evaluate":[60],"effects":[62],"important":[64],"design":[65],"parameters":[66],"perceived":[69],"realism":[70],"interactions":[72],"with":[73,113],"physical":[74],"objects.":[75],"Based":[76],"these":[78],"results,":[79],"we":[80],"designed":[81],"final":[83],"second":[88],"determine":[92],"effectiveness":[94],"at":[98],"conveying":[99],"features.":[101],"Without":[102],"visual":[103],"feedback,":[104],"participants":[105],"were":[106],"successful":[107],"in":[108],"identifying":[109],"correct":[111],"42.86%":[114],"accuracy,":[115],"demonstrating":[116],"potential":[118],"used":[124],"enhance":[126],"haptic":[128],"experience":[129],"during":[130],"exploration.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"two":[134],"preliminary":[135],"applications":[136],"are":[137],"explored":[138],"illustrate":[140],"possible":[141],"educational":[142],"use":[143],"cases":[144],"overall":[147],"system.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}