{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396241327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010","title":"Space-Vector Neural Networks: Efficient Learning From Three-Phase Electrical Waveforms","display_name":"Space-Vector Neural Networks: Efficient Learning From Three-Phase Electrical Waveforms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396241327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005714742","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Kummerow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Kummerow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-6008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090772436","display_name":"Mansour Alramlawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Alramlawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100596276","display_name":"Sandipan Paul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandipan Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109241449","display_name":"Steffen Nicolai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Nicolai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111707928","display_name":"Peter Bretschneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bretschneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Energy Systems, Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005714742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61861703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"5195","last_page":"5204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6065194010734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.555057942867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.529607892036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43335071206092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.41046154499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3916415572166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3321426510810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26744556427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21695542335510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2062912881374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15259483456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.10781273245811462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6065194010734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.555057942867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.529607892036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43335071206092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.41046154499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3916415572166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3321426510810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26744556427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21695542335510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2062912881374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15259483456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.10781273245811462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3395010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/467844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/467844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1969181586","https://openalex.org/W2098782404","https://openalex.org/W2111218742","https://openalex.org/W2170033800","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2515527499","https://openalex.org/W2546929003","https://openalex.org/W2766507147","https://openalex.org/W2777685882","https://openalex.org/W2790155499","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2921305286","https://openalex.org/W2953352227","https://openalex.org/W2971663256","https://openalex.org/W2972587753","https://openalex.org/W2974371197","https://openalex.org/W2976339490","https://openalex.org/W2976506991","https://openalex.org/W2996114832","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3025111165","https://openalex.org/W3043084043","https://openalex.org/W3083930770","https://openalex.org/W3105816646","https://openalex.org/W3162479575","https://openalex.org/W3177113322","https://openalex.org/W3191576354","https://openalex.org/W3202138929","https://openalex.org/W4229450546","https://openalex.org/W4255900881","https://openalex.org/W4295681750","https://openalex.org/W4382312365","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748961382","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6767509307","https://openalex.org/W7046364332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W4367555392","https://openalex.org/W2538520412","https://openalex.org/W2883092465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,10,33,63,132,140,155,169,177,189,198],"past":[2],"decades,":[3],"significant":[4],"progress":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"made":[8],"in":[9,144,166,197],"field":[11],"of":[12,35,51,65,74,118,134,142,162,168,172,193],"artificial":[13],"neural":[14,66,86,120,126,164,195],"networks":[15,67,87,121,165,196],"to":[16,57,92,108],"process":[17,93],"image,":[18],"text":[19],"or":[20,30,96],"speech":[21],"information":[22],"including":[23],"Recurrent":[24],"Neural":[25,28],"Networks,":[26],"Convolutional":[27],"Networks":[29],"Transformers.":[31],"However,":[32],"processing":[34],"electrical":[36,75,94],"three-phase":[37,76,136],"waveforms":[38],"using":[39,147],"these":[40],"general":[41],"network":[42,127],"architectures":[43],"ignore":[44],"important":[45],"signal":[46],"characteristics":[47],"and":[48,60,71,103,128,139,184],"therefore":[49],"lack":[50],"computational":[52,160],"efficiency.":[53],"This":[54,187],"can":[55,61],"lead":[56],"performance":[58,117],"problems":[59],"limit":[62],"application":[64,191],"for":[68,112,131],"a":[69,148,158],"fast":[70],"efficient":[72],"analysis":[73],"signals.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"this":[80,82],"issue,":[81],"paper":[83],"presents":[84],"space-vector":[85,101,119,163,194],"as":[88,174,176],"new":[89],"model":[90],"architecture":[91],"current":[95],"voltage":[97,137],"waveforms.":[98],"A":[99],"novel":[100],"encoding":[102],"decoding":[104],"layer":[105],"is":[106,122],"introduced":[107],"learn":[109],"meaningful":[110],"representations":[111],"different":[113],"downstream":[114],"tasks.":[115],"The":[116],"compared":[123],"with":[124,180],"other":[125],"statistical":[129],"methods":[130],"reconstruction":[133,182],"unbalanced":[135],"signals":[138],"detection":[141,185],"cyber-attacks":[143],"digital":[145],"substations":[146],"benchmark":[149],"dataset.":[150],"In":[151],"both":[152],"case":[153],"studies,":[154],"results":[156],"show":[157],"superior":[159],"efficiency":[161],"terms":[167],"required":[170],"number":[171],"parameters":[173],"well":[175],"execution":[178],"times":[179],"comparable":[181],"accuracies":[183],"capabilities.":[186],"demonstrates":[188],"high":[190],"potential":[192],"substation":[199],"automation.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
