{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127155388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185","title":"Cross-Modal Collaborative Recovery: Breaking Multimodal Unlearnable Examples Protection","display_name":"Cross-Modal Collaborative Recovery: Breaking Multimodal Unlearnable Examples Protection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127155388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 24th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012250176","display_name":"Ruijia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9680-7508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zijiao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069413440","display_name":"Ximin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-8891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Network Management Center,Zhengzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Network Management Center,Zhengzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124805329","display_name":"Hongwei Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Network Management Center,Zhengzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Network Management Center,Zhengzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104310131","display_name":"Xining Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xining Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66800857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1592","last_page":"1597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8999999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8999999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-therapy","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-interaction","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","score":0.30379998683929443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4441509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6418787","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135641252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738567","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 24th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5218941569328308,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109409894","https://openalex.org/W4280575929","https://openalex.org/W4286865884","https://openalex.org/W4386071958","https://openalex.org/W4386076376","https://openalex.org/W4387968150","https://openalex.org/W4399447833","https://openalex.org/W4400189006","https://openalex.org/W4403791638","https://openalex.org/W4407066964","https://openalex.org/W4411120355"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,64,122],"multimodal":[5,16,46,65,129],"machine":[6],"learning,":[7],"data":[8,26,112],"security":[9,55,62,133],"has":[10],"become":[11],"a":[12,60,70],"critical":[13],"bottleneck":[14],"constraining":[15],"artificial":[17],"intelligence":[18],"advancement.":[19],"Multimodal":[20],"unlearnable":[21,66,130],"examples,":[22],"as":[23],"an":[24,118],"emerging":[25],"protection":[27,47],"paradigm,":[28],"prevent":[29],"unauthorized":[30],"model":[31,115],"training":[32],"by":[33],"disrupting":[34],"cross-modal":[35,97,140],"semantic":[36],"consistency":[37],"through":[38],"adversarial":[39],"perturbations":[40],"and":[41,54,68,92,135],"trigger":[42,90],"identifiers.":[43],"However,":[44],"existing":[45],"mechanisms":[48],"suffer":[49],"from":[50],"significant":[51],"robustness":[52,137],"deficiencies":[53],"vulnerabilities.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"conducts":[59],"systematic":[61],"evaluation":[63],"examples":[67,131],"proposes":[69],"Cross-Modal":[71],"Collaborative":[72],"Recovery":[73],"(CMCR)":[74],"attack":[75],"framework.":[76],"CMCR":[77,102],"integrates":[78],"Joint":[79],"Conditional":[80],"Diffusion":[81],"Purification":[82,88],"for":[83,89,96],"image":[84],"denoising,":[85],"Adaptive":[86],"Text":[87],"removal,":[91],"Visual":[93],"Cross-modal":[94],"BART":[95],"reconstruction.":[98],"Experiments":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101,127],"successfully":[103],"restores":[104],"image-text":[105],"retrieval":[106],"performance":[107],"to":[108],"levels":[109],"approaching":[110],"clean":[111],"across":[113],"different":[114],"architectures,":[116],"achieving":[117],"average":[119],"recovery":[120],"rate":[121],"89.0%.":[123],"Our":[124],"results":[125],"reveal":[126],"current":[128],"have":[132],"vulnerabilities":[134],"insufficient":[136],"against":[138],"coordinated":[139],"attacks.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
