{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977822429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","title":"Horcruxes for Everyone - A Framework for Key-Loss Recovery by Splitting Trust","display_name":"Horcruxes for Everyone - A Framework for Key-Loss Recovery by Splitting Trust","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977822429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","mag":"2977822429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://openlib.tugraz.at/5e5d053ee6da4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024053316","display_name":"Felix H\u00f6randner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Horandner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084779368","display_name":"Christof Rabensteiner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christof Rabensteiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57492747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7541","issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7659619450569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6819541454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5692466497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.5632733106613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5286983251571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5170510411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.47442951798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.45954224467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.4107682704925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3396759629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3034511208534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2266751527786255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7659619450569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6819541454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5692466497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.5632733106613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5286983251571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5170510411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.47442951798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.45954224467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4107682704925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3396759629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3034511208534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2266751527786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00017","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:http://openlib.tugraz.at/5e5d053ee6da4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://openlib.tugraz.at/5e5d053ee6da4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400660","display_name":"TUGraz OPEN Library (Graz University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","host_organization_name":"Graz University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:http://openlib.tugraz.at/5e5d053ee6da4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://openlib.tugraz.at/5e5d053ee6da4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400660","display_name":"TUGraz OPEN Library (Graz University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","host_organization_name":"Graz University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27238938","https://openalex.org/W1504406874","https://openalex.org/W1507039798","https://openalex.org/W1589101336","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1746848557","https://openalex.org/W2009360064","https://openalex.org/W2072554986","https://openalex.org/W2126960670","https://openalex.org/W2132622327","https://openalex.org/W2140745722","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2149473266","https://openalex.org/W2154059840","https://openalex.org/W2207014829","https://openalex.org/W2227653143","https://openalex.org/W2230072610","https://openalex.org/W2281716233","https://openalex.org/W2351133878","https://openalex.org/W2519540563","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W2621151780","https://openalex.org/W6601126062","https://openalex.org/W6630262158","https://openalex.org/W6689463807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W1004582678","https://openalex.org/W2656445685","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2263162522","https://openalex.org/W2134080857","https://openalex.org/W1989237518","https://openalex.org/W2371673014","https://openalex.org/W1980409166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"modern":[1],"applications":[2,33,127],"require":[3],"users":[4,42,68,145,171,252],"to":[5,22,28,59,69,75,85,112,146,184,190],"manage":[6],"keys":[7,45,72,87],"on":[8,200,227],"their":[9,29,71,257],"own":[10],"devices,":[11],"which,":[12],"in":[13,94,149,172],"case":[14],"of":[15,161,215,222],"device":[16],"loss":[17],"or":[18],"failure,":[19],"may":[20],"lead":[21],"serious":[23],"consequences,":[24],"e.g.,":[25],"losing":[26,44],"access":[27],"Bitcoin":[30],"wallet.":[31],"These":[32],"need":[34],"a":[35,62,95,109,131,138,150,166,198,205],"secure":[36],"and":[37,174,179,218,255],"user-friendly":[38],"strategy":[39,98],"that":[40,152,169,180,233],"protects":[41],"from":[43,129],"while":[46],"preserving":[47],"the":[48,100,114,162,220,223],"keys'":[49],"confidentiality.":[50],"Fortunately,":[51],"password-protected":[52],"secret":[53],"sharing":[54],"(PPSS)":[55],"can":[56,117,125],"be":[57,121],"used":[58],"design":[60],"such":[61,130],"key-loss":[63,96,141],"recovery":[64,97],"strategy:":[65],"It":[66],"enables":[67],"split":[70],"into":[73],"shares,":[74],"distribute":[76,147],"these":[77,118],"shares":[78,148],"across":[79],"third":[80,106,119],"parties":[81,107,120],"and,":[82],"if":[83],"necessary,":[84],"recover":[86],"via":[88],"password":[89],"authentication.":[90],"However,":[91],"deploying":[92,234],"PPSS":[93,206],"leaves":[99],"following":[101],"practical":[102],"questions":[103],"unanswered:":[104],"Which":[105],"should":[108],"user":[110],"pick":[111],"diversify":[113],"trust?":[115],"How":[116,124],"recruited?":[122],"And:":[123],"other":[126,185],"benefit":[128],"strategy?":[132],"In":[133],"this":[134],"paper,":[135],"we":[136,164,193],"develop":[137],"framework":[139,196,236],"for":[140,245],"recovery,":[142],"which":[143],"allows":[144],"hierarchy":[151],"is":[153,237],"aligned":[154],"with":[155,197,208],"relevant":[156],"trust":[157,177,210],"factors.":[158],"As":[159],"part":[160],"framework,":[163],"propose":[165],"management":[167],"app":[168],"supports":[170],"building":[173],"managing":[175],"hierarchical":[176,209],"policies,":[178,211],"offers":[181],"its":[182],"service":[183],"applications.":[186],"To":[187],"convince":[188],"organizations":[189],"operate":[191],"servers,":[192],"implement":[194],"our":[195,235],"focus":[199],"server-side":[201],"cost-efficiency.":[202],"We":[203],"extend":[204],"scheme":[207],"add":[212],"efficient":[213],"prevention":[214],"online":[216],"guessing,":[217],"measure":[219],"performance":[221],"overall":[224],"system":[225],"at-scale":[226],"AWS.":[228],"The":[229],"cost":[230],"projection":[231],"shows":[232],"inexpensive:":[238],"40":[239],"organizations,":[240],"each":[241],"operating":[242],"server":[243],"resources":[244],"less":[246],"than":[247],"$20,":[248],"support":[249],"50":[250],"million":[251],"when":[253],"splitting":[254],"recovering":[256],"keys.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
