{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404371508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","title":"PATNAS: A Path-Based Training-Free Neural Architecture Search","display_name":"PATNAS: A Path-Based Training-Free Neural Architecture Search","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404371508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036826106","display_name":"Jiechao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiechao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods, Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods, Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028071674","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods, Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-621X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods, Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391911","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-0135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769828","display_name":"Haoran Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3801-1313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"research Institute of China United Network Communications Corporation Limited, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438512","display_name":"Zhiyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","computer science and technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"computer science and technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015031495","display_name":"Xibo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-0017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-0017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95925831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"1484","last_page":"1500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997064352035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6422606706619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6286975145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5144310593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48523473739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.44958779215812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4377164840698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.43562179803848267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997064352035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6422606706619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6286975145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5144310593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48523473739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.44958779215812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4377164840698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.43562179803848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3498035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40030348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2796265726","https://openalex.org/W2953604046","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2981406437","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2988089665","https://openalex.org/W3038074040","https://openalex.org/W3082154327","https://openalex.org/W3124210246","https://openalex.org/W3164008977","https://openalex.org/W3175547386","https://openalex.org/W3192682950","https://openalex.org/W3203406489","https://openalex.org/W4214513763","https://openalex.org/W4224310713","https://openalex.org/W4289761856","https://openalex.org/W4307428026","https://openalex.org/W4312617935","https://openalex.org/W4312878236","https://openalex.org/W4317838087","https://openalex.org/W4382203144","https://openalex.org/W4392737111","https://openalex.org/W4396523227","https://openalex.org/W4402753601","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6730269975","https://openalex.org/W6748587240","https://openalex.org/W6752495264","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6753146606","https://openalex.org/W6753344092","https://openalex.org/W6755166560","https://openalex.org/W6755576431","https://openalex.org/W6756887525","https://openalex.org/W6759402996","https://openalex.org/W6759828284","https://openalex.org/W6763368363","https://openalex.org/W6764988152","https://openalex.org/W6766225098","https://openalex.org/W6767064347","https://openalex.org/W6771784742","https://openalex.org/W6771859737","https://openalex.org/W6772027524","https://openalex.org/W6779140790","https://openalex.org/W6779348065","https://openalex.org/W6779460946","https://openalex.org/W6780851773","https://openalex.org/W6781651343","https://openalex.org/W6785063415","https://openalex.org/W6786190416","https://openalex.org/W6788713141","https://openalex.org/W6789286601","https://openalex.org/W6790224847","https://openalex.org/W6790297421","https://openalex.org/W6791632171","https://openalex.org/W6793646068","https://openalex.org/W6796973776","https://openalex.org/W6797245579","https://openalex.org/W6800605685","https://openalex.org/W6802728948","https://openalex.org/W6803358979","https://openalex.org/W6810208950","https://openalex.org/W6839452965","https://openalex.org/W6840542237","https://openalex.org/W6840943824","https://openalex.org/W6845755046","https://openalex.org/W6849292070","https://openalex.org/W6849312621","https://openalex.org/W6854216821","https://openalex.org/W6862519416","https://openalex.org/W6948022635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W2810751659","https://openalex.org/W258997015","https://openalex.org/W2997094352","https://openalex.org/W3216976533","https://openalex.org/W100620283","https://openalex.org/W2495260952","https://openalex.org/W4394050964","https://openalex.org/W2551249631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121],"development":[1],"of":[2,33,45,139],"Neural":[3],"Architecture":[4],"Search":[5],"(NAS)":[6],"is":[7],"hindered":[8],"by":[9],"high":[10,133],"costs":[11],"associated":[12],"with":[13,135],"evaluating":[14],"network":[15,34,47,63,94,141,157],"architectures.":[16,158],"Recently,":[17],"several":[18],"zero-cost":[19,58,82,128],"proxies":[20,59],"have":[21],"been":[22],"proposed":[23,126],"as":[24],"a":[25,49,80,132],"promising":[26],"method":[27],"to":[28,71],"reduce":[29],"the":[30,42,46,53,62,92,136,140,150,155],"evaluation":[31],"cost":[32],"architectures":[35],"in":[36,48],"NAS.":[37],"They":[38],"can":[39,130,147],"quickly":[40],"estimate":[41],"final":[43,137],"performance":[44,67,138],"few":[50],"seconds":[51],"during":[52],"initial":[54],"phase.":[55],"However,":[56],"existing":[57],"either":[60],"ignore":[61],"structure's":[64],"impact":[65],"on":[66,118],"or":[68],"are":[69],"limited":[70],"specific":[72],"tasks.":[73,144],"To":[74],"address":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"novel":[81],"proxy":[83,129],"called":[84,112],"Skeleton":[85],"Path":[86],"Kernel":[87],"Trace":[88],"(SPKT)":[89],"that":[90,124],"leverages":[91],"whole":[93],"architecture's":[95],"skeleton":[96],"path":[97],"structure":[98],"information.":[99],"We":[100],"then":[101],"integrate":[102],"it":[103,146],"into":[104],"an":[105],"effective":[106],"Bayesian":[107],"optimization":[108],"for":[109,153],"NAS":[110],"framework":[111],"PATNAS,":[113],"and":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"its":[116],"efficacy":[117],"different":[119],"datasets.":[120],"results":[122],"show":[123],"our":[125],"SPKT":[127],"achieve":[131],"correlation":[134],"across":[142],"multiple":[143],"Furthermore,":[145],"significantly":[148],"accelerate":[149],"search":[151],"process":[152],"finding":[154],"best-performing":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
