{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401109685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3435939","title":"Neural Prompt Search","display_name":"Neural Prompt Search","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401109685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3435939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/218159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/218159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhang, Yuanhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yuanhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030812622","display_name":"Kaiyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8153-3903"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Kaiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of computer science, Hong Kong Bapist University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of computer science, Hong Kong Bapist University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406050","display_name":"Ziwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-5958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Ziwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.4485,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99673209,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.4544999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.4544999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.39500001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6129560470581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6100764870643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4519578516483307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3589754104614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32132649421691895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6129560470581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6100764870643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4519578516483307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3589754104614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32132649421691895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/218159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/218159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3527751893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOET2EP20221-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"size":[1],"of":[2,17,25,43,75,120],"vision":[3,115,141],"models":[4],"has":[5,21,155],"grown":[6],"exponentially":[7],"over":[8,139],"the":[9,15,23,50,94,117],"last":[10],"few":[11],"years,":[12],"especially":[13],"after":[14],"emergence":[16],"Vision":[18],"Transformer.":[19],"This":[20],"motivated":[22],"development":[24],"parameter-efficient":[26,96],"tuning":[27,62,97],"methods,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30,99],"learning":[31,158],"adapter":[32],"layers":[33],"or":[34],"visual":[35],"prompt":[36,121,152],"tokens,":[37],"which":[38],"allow":[39],"a":[40,60,72,108,124],"tiny":[41],"portion":[42],"model":[44],"parameters":[45],"to":[46,69,79,150],"be":[47],"trained":[48],"whereas":[49],"vast":[51],"majority":[52],"obtained":[53],"from":[54],"pre-training":[55],"are":[56],"frozen.":[57],"However,":[58],"designing":[59],"proper":[61],"method":[63],"is":[64,148,162],"non-trivial:":[65],"one":[66],"might":[67],"need":[68],"try":[70],"out":[71],"lengthy":[73],"list":[74],"design":[76,119],"choices,":[77],"not":[78],"mention":[80],"that":[81,111,145],"each":[82,131],"downstream":[83,132],"dataset":[84],"often":[85],"requires":[86],"custom":[87],"designs.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92,143],"view":[93],"existing":[95],"methods":[98],"\u201cprompt":[100],"modules\u201d":[101],"and":[102,160],"propose":[103],"Neural":[104],"prOmpt":[105],"seArcH":[106],"(NOAH),":[107],"novel":[109],"approach":[110],"learns,":[112],"for":[113,130],"large":[114],"models,":[116],"optimal":[118],"modules":[122],"through":[123],"neural":[125],"architecture":[126],"search":[127],"algorithm,":[128],"specifically":[129],"dataset.":[133],"By":[134],"conducting":[135],"extensive":[136],"experiments":[137],"on":[138],"20":[140],"datasets,":[142],"demonstrate":[144],"NOAH":[146],"(i)":[147],"superior":[149],"individual":[151],"modules,":[153],"(ii)":[154],"good":[156],"few-shot":[157],"ability,":[159],"(iii)":[161],"domain-generalizable.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
