{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087701491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","title":"Classification by Thresholding","display_name":"Classification by Thresholding","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087701491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","mag":"2087701491","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109855656","display_name":"Alan H. Feiveson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan H. Feiveson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109855656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7632626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-5","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9373999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7360514998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.6613718271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5729860067367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5317610502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5111003518104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4913744032382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48111337423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4609776735305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46024057269096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.45804446935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4558528661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44501814246177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.42047154903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3682463765144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3253463804721832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30697059631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15785738825798035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7360514998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.6613718271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5729860067367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5317610502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5111003518104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4913744032382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48111337423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4609776735305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46024057269096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.45804446935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4558528661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44501814246177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.42047154903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3682463765144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3253463804721832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30697059631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15785738825798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1983.4767343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159906429","https://openalex.org/W1542013999","https://openalex.org/W2055959222","https://openalex.org/W4237874270","https://openalex.org/W4253493393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W2808944898","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W4254119641","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W3084261076","https://openalex.org/W1996614773","https://openalex.org/W4387820098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"procedure":[1],"is":[2,79],"given":[3,21,48],"which":[4],"substantially":[5],"reduces":[6],"the":[7,50,58,69,77,82,116],"processing":[8,117],"time":[9,118],"needed":[10],"to":[11,40],"perform":[12],"maximum":[13],"likelihood":[14],"classification":[15],"on":[16],"large":[17],"data":[18,94,103],"sets.":[19],"The":[20],"method":[22,74],"uses":[23],"a":[24,42,73],"set":[25],"of":[26,49,54,60,85,96,101],"fixed":[27],"thresholds":[28,56,78],"which,":[29],"if":[30],"exceeded":[31],"by":[32,110],"one":[33,113],"probability":[34],"density":[35,44,65],"function,":[36],"makes":[37],"it":[38],"unnecessary":[39],"evaluate":[41],"competing":[43],"function.":[45],"Proofs":[46],"are":[47],"existence":[51],"and":[52,63,72],"optimality":[53],"these":[55],"for":[57,75,81],"class":[59],"continuous,":[61],"unimodal,":[62],"quasi-concave":[64],"functions":[66],"(which":[67],"includes":[68],"multivariate":[70,86],"normal),":[71],"computing":[76],"provided":[80],"specifilc":[83],"case":[84],"normal":[87],"densities.":[88],"An":[89],"example":[90],"with":[91],"remote":[92],"sensing":[93],"consisting":[95],"some":[97],"20":[98],"000":[99],"observations":[100],"four-dimensional":[102],"from":[104],"nine":[105],"ground-cover":[106],"classes":[107],"shows":[108],"that":[109],"using":[111],"thresholds,":[112],"could":[114],"cut":[115],"almost":[119],"in":[120],"half.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
