{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123358225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165","title":"Adaptive Optimization of Active RIS-Assisted ISCPT Network: A Hybrid MoE Scheme","display_name":"Adaptive Optimization of Active RIS-Assisted ISCPT Network: A Hybrid MoE Scheme","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123358225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018804562","display_name":"Wanle Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanle Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1966-8855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668908","display_name":"Ke Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122902278","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121263245","display_name":"Pingyi Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03737465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"9152","last_page":"9172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.35760000348091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-168914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-168914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9174357652664185}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3695833465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4711935633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G894743014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,33,50,53,56,60,67,74,77,152,171,174,191,201,209,213,230,235,245],"active":[4,57],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(RIS)-assisted":[8],"integrated":[9],"sensing,":[10],"communication,":[11],"and":[12,66,158,173,181],"power":[13,61],"transfer":[14],"(ISCPT)":[15],"networks,":[16],"where":[17,169],"rate-splitting":[18],"multiple":[19,27],"access":[20],"(RSMA)":[21],"scheme":[22,86,122],"is":[23,104,132,186],"employed":[24,177],"to":[25,73,93,134,150,188,200,220,229],"serve":[26],"downlink":[28],"communication":[29],"users.":[30],"To":[31],"promote":[32],"energy":[34],"efficiency":[35],"(EE)":[36],"of":[37,76,115,154],"such":[38],"a":[39,82,113,142,164],"system,":[40],"we":[41,79,110,161],"formulate":[42],"an":[43,100,182],"EE":[44,215,246],"maximization":[45],"problem":[46],"by":[47,195,216,238,248],"jointly":[48],"optimizing":[49],"beamforming":[51],"matrix,":[52,55,59],"sensing":[54],"RIS":[58],"splitting":[62],"(PS)":[63],"ratio":[64],"vector,":[65],"common":[68],"rate":[69],"allocation":[70],"vector.":[71],"Due":[72],"non-convexity":[75],"problem,":[78],"first":[80],"design":[81,112],"successive":[83],"convex":[84],"approximation":[85],"with":[87,105,123,223],"alternating":[88],"optimization":[89],"method":[90],"(named":[91,127],"SCA-AO)":[92],"solve":[94],"it.":[95],"As":[96],"SCA-AO":[97,131,157,172],"operates":[98],"in":[99],"iterative":[101],"manner,":[102],"which":[103],"relatively":[106],"high":[107],"computational":[108],"complexity,":[109],"then":[111],"mixture":[114],"experts":[116],"(MoE)-based":[117],"deep":[118],"reinforcement":[119],"learning":[120],"(DRL)":[121],"smooth":[124],"clipping":[125],"function":[126],"MoE-SCF).":[128],"In":[129,148],"comparison,":[130],"able":[133],"achieve":[135],"higher":[136],"solution":[137],"accuracy,":[138],"while":[139,241],"MOE-SCF":[140],"has":[141],"shorter":[143],"online":[144],"execution":[145],"response":[146,225,236],"time.":[147,226],"order":[149],"integrate":[151],"advantages":[153],"both":[155,170],"presented":[156],"MoE-SCF":[159,175],"simultaneously,":[160],"further":[162],"propose":[163],"hybrid":[165],"MoE":[166],"(H-MoE)":[167],"scheme,":[168],"are":[176],"as":[178],"expert":[179,197],"strategies,":[180],"opportunistic":[183],"activator":[184],"(OPA)":[185],"designed":[187],"dynamically":[189],"select":[190],"best":[192],"strategy":[193],"generated":[194],"all":[196],"combinations":[198],"according":[199],"performance":[202,247],"evaluation":[203],"function.":[204],"Simulation":[205],"results":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"that":[208],"proposed":[210],"H-MoE":[211,232],"promotes":[212],"system's":[214],"about":[217],"18.14%":[218],"compared":[219,228],"traditional":[221],"MoE,":[222],"similar":[224],"Additionally,":[227],"SCA-AO,":[231],"significantly":[233],"decreases":[234],"time":[237],"approximately":[239],"56.17%,":[240],"only":[242],"marginally":[243],"compromising":[244],"less":[249],"than":[250],"3.1%.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T06:09:20.037420","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}