{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969350702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","title":"Pothole Detection Based on Disparity Transformation and Road Surface Modeling","display_name":"Pothole Detection Based on Disparity Transformation and Road Surface Modeling","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969350702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","mag":"2969350702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-6596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-6596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Umar Ozgunalp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-4843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16197041","display_name":"Cyprus International University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mk5mk38","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Ozgunalp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Cyprus International University, Lefkosa, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-4843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Cyprus International University, Lefkosa, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brett Hosking","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Hosking","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-238X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-238X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ioannis Pitas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Pitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":265,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99544031,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"897","last_page":"908"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pothole","display_name":"Pothole (geology)","score":0.9876000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6100999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.35580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234907","display_name":"Pothole (geology)","level":2,"score":0.9876000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6241000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6100999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6927143","display_name":"Moving least squares","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2933750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31449016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.00894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-100957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-100957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:435964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/435964/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:525894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/525894/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-100957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000505809200003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.00894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2023148988","display_name":"\u4eff\u4eba\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u751f\u6210\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u5316\u673a\u5236","funder_award_id":"U1713211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485843859","https://openalex.org/W1644863801","https://openalex.org/W1808303360","https://openalex.org/W1968991518","https://openalex.org/W1991796533","https://openalex.org/W2013575454","https://openalex.org/W2016726354","https://openalex.org/W2037325199","https://openalex.org/W2041995828","https://openalex.org/W2069182664","https://openalex.org/W2069290861","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2101765566","https://openalex.org/W2113018220","https://openalex.org/W2128880484","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2167387804","https://openalex.org/W2286655030","https://openalex.org/W2291522392","https://openalex.org/W2514854142","https://openalex.org/W2552988497","https://openalex.org/W2758662221","https://openalex.org/W2769644921","https://openalex.org/W2792796963","https://openalex.org/W2854379163","https://openalex.org/W2887699950","https://openalex.org/W6633813801","https://openalex.org/W6676797134","https://openalex.org/W6680862331","https://openalex.org/W6684872665","https://openalex.org/W6686385793","https://openalex.org/W6761527281","https://openalex.org/W6766322783"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pothole":[0],"detection":[1,40,56,203],"is":[2,42,59,69,103,142,154,209,217],"one":[3],"of":[4,184,205],"the":[5,38,97,113,120,139,146,158,165,168,174,181,185,191,201,206,213],"most":[6],"important":[7],"tasks":[8],"for":[9],"road":[10,21,26,79,110,194],"maintenance.":[11],"Computer":[12],"vision":[13],"approaches":[14],"are":[15,33,93,123,188],"generally":[16],"based":[17],"on":[18],"either":[19],"2D":[20],"image":[22],"analysis":[23],"or":[24],"3D":[25,193],"surface":[27,128,140,147],"modeling.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30],"two":[31],"categories":[32],"always":[34],"used":[35,105],"independently.":[36],"Furthermore,":[37,150],"pothole":[39,55],"accuracy":[41,204,216],"still":[43],"far":[44],"from":[45,112,190],"satisfactory.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"in":[48,119],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"present":[52],"a":[53,126],"robust":[54],"algorithm":[57],"that":[58,200],"both":[60],"accurate":[61],"and":[62,77,90,170,212],"computationally":[63],"efficient.":[64],"A":[65],"dense":[66],"disparity":[67,84,115,135,172],"map":[68,136],"first":[70],"transformed":[71,114],"to":[72,95,106,156],"better":[73],"distinguish":[74],"between":[75,167],"damaged":[76],"undamaged":[78,109],"areas.":[80],"To":[81,133],"achieve":[82],"greater":[83],"transformation":[85,98],"efficiency,":[86],"golden":[87],"section":[88],"search":[89],"dynamic":[91],"programming":[92],"utilized":[94,155],"estimate":[96],"parameters.":[99],"Otsu's":[100],"thresholding":[101],"method":[102],"then":[104],"extract":[107],"potential":[108],"areas":[111,122],"map.":[116],"The":[117,196],"disparities":[118],"extracted":[121,189],"modeled":[124,171],"by":[125,161],"quadratic":[127],"using":[129],"least":[130],"squares":[131],"fitting.":[132],"improve":[134],"modeling":[137,148],"robustness,":[138],"normal":[141],"also":[143],"integrated":[144],"into":[145],"process.":[149],"random":[151],"sample":[152],"consensus":[153],"reduce":[157],"effects":[159],"caused":[160],"outliers.":[162],"By":[163],"comparing":[164],"difference":[166],"actual":[169],"maps,":[173],"potholes":[175,187],"can":[176],"be":[177],"detected":[178,186],"accurately.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"point":[182],"clouds":[183],"reconstructed":[192],"surface.":[195],"experimental":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"successful":[202],"proposed":[207],"system":[208],"around":[210],"98.7%":[211],"overall":[214],"pixel-level":[215],"approximately":[218],"99.6%.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}