{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030205807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","title":"Modifying JPEG Binary Arithmetic Codec for Exploiting Inter/Intra-Block and DCT Coefficient Sign Redundancies","display_name":"Modifying JPEG Binary Arithmetic Codec for Exploiting Inter/Intra-Block and DCT Coefficient Sign Redundancies","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030205807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","mag":"2030205807","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23192556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041876176","display_name":"G. Lakhani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Lakhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. gopal.lakhani@ttu.edu","Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. gopal.lakhani@ttu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041876176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85360465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1326","last_page":"1339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.7504509687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5987523794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.5834893584251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5312578082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-coding","display_name":"Arithmetic coding","score":0.5121006965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-adaptive-binary-arithmetic-coding","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","score":0.4591924250125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg-2000","display_name":"JPEG 2000","score":0.4446924030780792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.444580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-length-code","display_name":"Variable-length code","score":0.44420331716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4409826397895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4400523602962494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.4389258623123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4310901463031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.42714446783065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-jpeg","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","score":0.42120444774627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.420734167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.3685668110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35544949769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3433176577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2930068373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2822166681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1177305281162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.099771648645401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.7504509687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5987523794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.5834893584251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5312578082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153338461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651","display_name":"Arithmetic coding","level":4,"score":0.5121006965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175732694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128713","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","level":3,"score":0.4591924250125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69216139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931783","display_name":"JPEG 2000","level":5,"score":0.4446924030780792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.444580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60603091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981616","display_name":"Variable-length code","level":3,"score":0.44420331716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4409826397895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4400523602962494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.4389258623123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4310901463031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42714446783065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8384606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2190356","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","level":5,"score":0.42120444774627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.420734167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.3685668110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35544949769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3433176577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2930068373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2822166681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1177305281162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.099771648645401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2228492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23192556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23192556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574099858","https://openalex.org/W1996073382","https://openalex.org/W2040166690","https://openalex.org/W2056764000","https://openalex.org/W2083496484","https://openalex.org/W2086909814","https://openalex.org/W2089637437","https://openalex.org/W2099328942","https://openalex.org/W2109141758","https://openalex.org/W2112811932","https://openalex.org/W2130097796","https://openalex.org/W2139855869","https://openalex.org/W2143549718","https://openalex.org/W2150526150","https://openalex.org/W2157020287","https://openalex.org/W2159943264","https://openalex.org/W2170023599","https://openalex.org/W2527130429","https://openalex.org/W6634521763","https://openalex.org/W6649337201","https://openalex.org/W6676969428","https://openalex.org/W6681245444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131702615","https://openalex.org/W4312628177","https://openalex.org/W2213686625","https://openalex.org/W2148686647","https://openalex.org/W2159091813","https://openalex.org/W4387527003","https://openalex.org/W1579872668","https://openalex.org/W2911993714","https://openalex.org/W2121576276","https://openalex.org/W2136537500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"four":[3],"modifications":[4,69,215,242],"to":[5,48,70,72,131,169,216],"the":[6,21,25,31,41,49,52,67,98,105,120,132,139,151,154,161,235,238,244,250,262,274,287,302,305,321,327,331,348,361],"JPEG":[7,27,29,133,155,263,294],"arithmetic":[8],"coding":[9,35,104,126,134],"(JAC)":[10],"algorithm,":[11],"a":[12,82,90,145,373],"topic":[13],"not":[14,148],"studied":[15],"well":[16],"before.":[17,157],"It":[18,110],"then":[19],"compares":[20],"compression":[22],"performance":[23],"of":[24,43,51,75,101,113,141,153,163,179,187,193,203,206,221,228,249,252,293],"modified":[26,288,328,362],"with":[28,119,290,297,304],"XR,":[30,295],"latest":[32],"block-based":[33,53],"image":[34,325],"standard.":[36],"We":[37,65,80,123,137,159,172,350],"first":[38,184],"show":[39,318,359],"that":[40,166,319,360],"bulk":[42],"inter/intra-block":[44],"redundancy,":[45],"caused":[46],"due":[47],"use":[50],"approach":[54],"by":[55,60,93,256,267,311,335,342,371],"JPEG,":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58],"captured":[59],"applying":[61],"efficient":[62],"prediction":[63,77],"coding.":[64],"propose":[66,129],"following":[68],"JAC":[71,88,116,167,217,246,289,329,363],"take":[73],"advantages":[74],"our":[76,241],"approach.":[78],"1)":[79],"code":[81,222,247,265],"totally":[83],"different":[84],"DC":[85],"difference.":[86],"2)":[87],"tests":[89,165],"DCT":[91,143],"coefficient":[92],"considering":[94],"its":[95],"bits":[96],"in":[97],"increasing":[99],"order":[100,127],"significance":[102],"for":[103,176,280,320],"most":[106],"significant":[107,142],"bit":[108],"position.":[109],"causes":[111],"plenty":[112],"redundancy":[114],"because":[115],"always":[117],"begins":[118],"zeroth":[121],"bit.":[122],"modify":[124],"this":[125],"and":[128,259,261,270,301,313,341],"alternations":[130],"procedures.":[135],"3)":[136],"predict":[138],"sign":[140],"coefficients,":[144],"problem":[146],"is":[147],"addressed":[149],"from":[150],"perspective":[152],"decoder":[156],"4)":[158],"reduce":[160,243],"number":[162],"binary":[164],"codes":[168],"mark":[170],"end-of-block.":[171],"provide":[173,351],"experimental":[174],"results":[175,317],"two":[177,254,291],"sets":[178,255],"eight-bit":[180],"gray":[181],"images.":[182,283],"The":[183,199],"set":[185,201,333],"consists":[186,202],"nine":[188],"classical":[189],"test":[190],"images":[191,205,236,251,334],"mostly":[192],"size":[194,207,248,266],"512":[195,197],"\u00d7":[196,209],"pixels.":[198],"second":[200],"13":[204],"2000":[208],"3000":[210],"pixels":[211],"or":[212],"more.":[213],"Our":[214,316],"obtain":[218],"extra-ordinary":[219],"amount":[220],"reduction":[223],"without":[224],"adding":[225],"any":[226],"kind":[227],"losses.":[229],"More":[230],"specifically,":[231],"when":[232],"we":[233,285],"quantize":[234],"using":[237],"default":[239,306],"quantizers,":[240],"total":[245],"these":[253],"about":[257,268,336,372],"8.9":[258],"10.6%,":[260],"Huffman":[264],"16.3":[269],"23.4%,":[271],"respectively,":[272],"on":[273,347,355],"average.":[275,349],"Gains":[276],"are":[277],"even":[278],"higher":[279],"coarsely":[281],"quantized":[282],"Finally,":[284],"compare":[286],"settings":[292],"one":[296],"no":[298],"block":[299],"overlapping":[300],"other":[303],"transform":[307],"(we":[308],"denote":[309],"them":[310],"JXR0":[312],"JXR1,":[314],"respectively).":[315],"finest":[322],"quality":[323],"rate":[324],"coding,":[326,357],"compresses":[330],"large":[332],"5.8%":[337],"more":[338,344],"than":[339,345],"JXR1":[340,368],"6.7%":[343],"JXR0,":[346,366],"some":[352],"rate-distortion":[353],"plots":[354],"lossy":[356],"which":[358],"distinctly":[364],"outperforms":[365],"but":[367],"beats":[369],"us":[370],"similar":[374],"margin.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}