{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312627203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225029","title":"Defect Detection of Electrical Insulating Materials Using Optically Excited Transient Thermography and Deep Autoencoder","display_name":"Defect Detection of Electrical Insulating Materials Using Optically Excited Transient Thermography and Deep Autoencoder","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312627203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3225029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111365356","display_name":"Hongwei Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-3186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085892560","display_name":"Zekai Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-5107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zekai Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054640920","display_name":"Yanxin Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-5702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxin Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020790709","display_name":"Lishuai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lishuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082903354","display_name":"Fanghui Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-6673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanghui Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328723","display_name":"Liming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111365356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74163182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7075430154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermography","display_name":"Thermography","score":0.699851930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5912144184112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5723941326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.5013787746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5005533695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4929778575897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4926226735115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45737791061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4532049000263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.45288610458374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.41815248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41288912296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.36411839723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2656698226928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2399316430091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.12452590465545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10603436827659607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7075430154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.699851930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5912144184112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5723941326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5013787746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5005533695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4929778575897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4926226735115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45737791061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4532049000263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.45288610458374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41815248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41288912296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.36411839723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2656698226928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2399316430091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.12452590465545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10603436827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3225029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7627265975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595116748","https://openalex.org/W1969609725","https://openalex.org/W1977523676","https://openalex.org/W1981260674","https://openalex.org/W2059339503","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2120664556","https://openalex.org/W2130828945","https://openalex.org/W2287629241","https://openalex.org/W2742714138","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2773811852","https://openalex.org/W2803570208","https://openalex.org/W2900546872","https://openalex.org/W2902285182","https://openalex.org/W2914502048","https://openalex.org/W2940662868","https://openalex.org/W2971101093","https://openalex.org/W2995806818","https://openalex.org/W3014260417","https://openalex.org/W3016864661","https://openalex.org/W3033361326","https://openalex.org/W3108409413","https://openalex.org/W3120461207","https://openalex.org/W3135077060","https://openalex.org/W3136557092","https://openalex.org/W3153897842","https://openalex.org/W3158749110","https://openalex.org/W3162403620","https://openalex.org/W3173670101","https://openalex.org/W3205842317","https://openalex.org/W4205528759","https://openalex.org/W4245689697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620662450","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W174278852","https://openalex.org/W2069527050","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W4310873165","https://openalex.org/W1585144779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,28],"automatic":[4],"and":[5,20,35,93,114,118,129,153,173],"unsupervised":[6],"internal":[7],"damage":[8],"detection":[9,76,112,177,199],"technique":[10],"for":[11,49],"electrical":[12],"insulating":[13],"materials":[14],"using":[15,133,141],"optically":[16,29],"excited":[17,30],"transient":[18],"thermography":[19,31],"a":[21,66],"deep":[22],"autoencoder":[23],"(DAE).":[24],"For":[25],"this":[26,185],"purpose,":[27],"system":[32],"is":[33,63,78,187],"built,":[34],"the":[36,40,44,50,53,60,70,106,111,116,121,134,160,164,169,174],"thermal":[37],"images":[38],"of":[39,52,59,120],"specimen":[41],"surface":[42],"during":[43],"cooling":[45],"period":[46],"are":[47,96,124,136],"collected":[48],"training":[51],"DAE":[54,61,122,135,166],"model.":[55],"The":[56,73,126,179],"reconstruction":[57],"error":[58],"model":[62],"used":[64],"as":[65,98],"feature":[67,71,107,151],"to":[68],"generate":[69],"image.":[72,108],"final":[74],"binary":[75],"image":[77,84,128,131,148],"obtained":[79,132,140],"by":[80],"applying":[81],"adaptive":[82],"threshold":[83],"segmentation.":[85],"To":[86,109],"avoid":[87],"unwanted":[88],"errors,":[89],"small":[90],"connected":[91],"components":[92],"isolated":[94],"pixels":[95],"removed":[97],"they":[99],"may":[100],"be":[101],"falsely":[102],"considered":[103],"damages":[104],"in":[105,189],"improve":[110],"accuracy":[113],"reliability,":[115],"architecture":[117],"hyperparameters":[119],"network":[123],"optimized.":[125],"featured":[127],"segmented":[130],"compared":[137],"with":[138,194],"those":[139],"three":[142],"other":[143],"traditional":[144],"methods":[145],"[manual":[146],"time-domain":[147],"selection,":[149],"frequency-domain":[150],"analysis,":[152],"principal":[154],"component":[155],"analysis":[156],"(PCA)].":[157],"Based":[158],"on":[159],"defined":[161],"evaluation":[162],"metrics,":[163],"proposed":[165],"framework":[167],"exhibits":[168],"best":[170],"visual":[171],"effects":[172],"highest":[175],"defect":[176],"accuracy.":[178],"test":[180],"results":[181],"also":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184],"method":[186],"effective":[188],"detecting":[190],"real":[191],"composite":[192],"insulators":[193],"air-gap":[195],"defects":[196],"under":[197],"different":[198],"interferences.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
