{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206209713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3144737","title":"<i>In Situ</i> Measurement of Nonorthogonal Angles of a Three-Axis Vector Optically Pumped Magnetometer","display_name":"<i>In Situ</i> Measurement of Nonorthogonal Angles of a Three-Axis Vector Optically Pumped Magnetometer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206209713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3144737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3144737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3144737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101533469","display_name":"Siran Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-7965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering and the Shenyuan Honors College, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-7965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering and the Shenyuan Honors College, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086353614","display_name":"Jixi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038682974","display_name":"Danyue Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-9012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-9012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635673","display_name":"Kun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-0548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011370277","display_name":"Yanan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-0748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090291264","display_name":"Chang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-7902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017471039","display_name":"Bangcheng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-756X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangcheng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-756X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101533469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90514925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13885","display_name":"Geophysics and Sensor Technology","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5419924259185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetometer","display_name":"Magnetometer","score":0.4589240849018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3869837820529938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37919989228248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34895968437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3246641159057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.19197788834571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1251593828201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08345335721969604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5419924259185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153946474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333921","display_name":"Magnetometer","level":3,"score":0.4589240849018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3869837820529938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37919989228248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34895968437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3246641159057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.19197788834571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1251593828201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08345335721969604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3144737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3144737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2557058040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4191002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7403055690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61903013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978487837","https://openalex.org/W1995765823","https://openalex.org/W1999801425","https://openalex.org/W2013844304","https://openalex.org/W2045759951","https://openalex.org/W2049445004","https://openalex.org/W2055054073","https://openalex.org/W2059616102","https://openalex.org/W2075102435","https://openalex.org/W2087395406","https://openalex.org/W2090203009","https://openalex.org/W2131775935","https://openalex.org/W2136518918","https://openalex.org/W2163623431","https://openalex.org/W2470594457","https://openalex.org/W2526513403","https://openalex.org/W2573282927","https://openalex.org/W2584338022","https://openalex.org/W2791548393","https://openalex.org/W2888244916","https://openalex.org/W2901647271","https://openalex.org/W2944255702","https://openalex.org/W2945828991","https://openalex.org/W2963918544","https://openalex.org/W3026591411","https://openalex.org/W3047650033","https://openalex.org/W3098191548","https://openalex.org/W3104680827","https://openalex.org/W3116196920","https://openalex.org/W4299491568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2074940407","https://openalex.org/W2035596186","https://openalex.org/W2885295284","https://openalex.org/W2398658113","https://openalex.org/W309521798","https://openalex.org/W1502875874","https://openalex.org/W4302027234","https://openalex.org/W1905009105","https://openalex.org/W2138929496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"<italic":[1],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[2,122,130,143,151,164,172,185,195,209,220],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[3],"situ</i>":[4],"method":[5,251],"has":[6],"been":[7],"proposed":[8],"for":[9,66,268],"measuring":[10],"all":[11],"nonorthogonal":[12,72,84,101],"angles":[13,73,85,102],"of":[14,34,39,71,96,232,235,241,259,279],"the":[15,30,63,83,97,108,120,141,162,183,207,218,230,272,277],"beams":[16,111],"and":[17,32,62,94,128,149,170,193,202,217,270],"triaxial":[18],"coils":[19],"in":[20,46],"a":[21,47,54],"three-axis":[22,280],"vector":[23,281],"optically":[24],"pumped":[25],"magnetometer":[26],"(OPM).":[27],"Based":[28],"on":[29],"combination":[31],"alignment":[33],"two":[35,109],"pump":[36,110,191,215],"beams,":[37],"each":[38],"which":[40],"can":[41,252],"achieve":[42],"biaxial":[43],"transverse":[44],"measurement":[45,58,64],"time-sharing":[48],"regime":[49],"under":[50],"modulated":[51,92],"magnetic":[52,98],"fields,":[53],"3-D":[55],"orthogonal":[56],"coordinate":[57],"system":[59],"is":[60,266],"obtained,":[61],"models":[65],"three":[67],"categories":[68],"(six":[69],"types)":[70],"are":[74],"established":[75],"theoretically.":[76],"On":[77],"this":[78,250],"basis,":[79],"we":[80],"experimentally":[81],"measured":[82],"along":[86],"with":[87,261],"related":[88],"uncertainties":[89],"at":[90],"different":[91],"frequencies":[93],"strengths":[95],"fields.":[99],"The":[100],"were":[103,115],"(3.65\u00b0":[104],"\u00b1":[105,117,138,159,180,204],"0.52\u00b0)":[106],"between":[107,119,140,161,182,206],"before":[112],"compensation.":[113],"They":[114],"(7.05\u00b0":[116],"0.23\u00b0)":[118],"<inline-formula":[121,129,142,150,163,171,184,194,208,219],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[123,131,144,152,165,173,186,196,210,221],"<tex-math":[124,132,145,153,166,174,187,197,211,222],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$X$":[125,167,198],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[126,134,147,155,168,176,189,199,213,224],"-":[127,148,169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Y$":[133,146],"-axis":[135,156,177,200,225],"coils,":[136,157,178],"(8.89\u00b0":[137],"0.21\u00b0)":[139],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Z$":[154,175,223],"(5.23\u00b0":[158],"0.27\u00b0)":[160],"(7.24\u00b0":[179],"0.24\u00b0)":[181],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$x$":[188],"-direction":[190,214],"beam":[192,216],"coil,":[201],"(9.10\u00b0":[203],"0.22\u00b0)":[205],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$z$":[212],"coil.":[226],"This":[227,264],"study":[228,265],"measures":[229],"magnitudes":[231],"six":[233],"types":[234],"nonorthogonality,":[236],"without":[237],"making":[238],"an":[239],"assumption":[240],"ideal":[242],"orthogonality":[243],"or":[244],"using":[245],"auxiliary":[246],"calibration":[247],"equipment.":[248],"Moreover,":[249],"be":[253],"extended":[254],"to":[255,275],"several":[256],"other":[257],"kinds":[258],"OPMs":[260],"simple":[262],"modifications.":[263],"critical":[267],"evaluating":[269],"reducing":[271],"misalignment":[273],"error":[274],"improve":[276],"accuracy":[278],"OPMs.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
