{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206020427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3139696","title":"Consistent Anomaly Detection and Localization of Multivariate Time Series via Cross-Correlation Graph-Based Encoder\u2013Decoder GAN","display_name":"Consistent Anomaly Detection and Localization of Multivariate Time Series via Cross-Correlation Graph-Based Encoder\u2013Decoder GAN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206020427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3139696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3139696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3139696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954842","display_name":"Haoran Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-0024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067915043","display_name":"Lei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-2192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-2192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052484642","display_name":"Junrong Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junrong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-5785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103212977","display_name":"Xuzhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-1251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuzhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-1251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064138796","display_name":"Lili Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086028","display_name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn03n83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210086028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-692X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086028","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94160217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7967396378517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.7309304475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6938685178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6645907163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5519152879714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5030147433280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4776400625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46478816866874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4402603209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4240022301673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4206342399120331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4017767310142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.316429078578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24727919697761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2024422585964203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7967396378517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.7309304475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6938685178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6645907163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5519152879714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5030147433280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4776400625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46478816866874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4402603209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4240022301673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4206342399120331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4017767310142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.316429078578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24727919697761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2024422585964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3139696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3139696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539371187","https://openalex.org/W2026453187","https://openalex.org/W2093606067","https://openalex.org/W2101807845","https://openalex.org/W2120217028","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2337344967","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2785362611","https://openalex.org/W2787947370","https://openalex.org/W2793988933","https://openalex.org/W2871311606","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2912126994","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2962736999","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963045681","https://openalex.org/W2978834409","https://openalex.org/W2990559999","https://openalex.org/W3000499162","https://openalex.org/W3004999940","https://openalex.org/W3008372443","https://openalex.org/W3026372698","https://openalex.org/W3034271075","https://openalex.org/W3040099731","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3044374951","https://openalex.org/W3098957257","https://openalex.org/W3101969501","https://openalex.org/W3135550350","https://openalex.org/W3153890562","https://openalex.org/W4256177618","https://openalex.org/W6748495906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3186512740","https://openalex.org/W3017266184","https://openalex.org/W2918377632","https://openalex.org/W3202913553","https://openalex.org/W3194885736","https://openalex.org/W3046391934","https://openalex.org/W4363671829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multivariate":[0],"time":[1,38,94,101,119,170,209],"series":[2,39,102,120],"is":[3,26,53,68,90,114,151,163,196],"widely":[4],"derived":[5],"from":[6,42,157],"industrial":[7,31,188],"facilities,":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"power":[11],"plants,":[12],"manufacturing":[13],"machines,":[14],"spacecraft,":[15],"digital":[16],"devices,":[17],"and":[18,21,24,51,65,80,88,96,153,167,177,180,199,205],"so":[19],"on,":[20],"anomaly":[22,63,78,203],"detection":[23,64,79,176,204],"location":[25,66,81,178,206],"of":[27,46,99,106,160,175,207],"great":[28],"importance":[29],"to":[30,55,92,116,165,192],"preventive":[32],"maintenance.":[33],"However,":[34],"anomalies":[35],"in":[36],"multivariate":[37,100,118,208],"always":[40],"result":[41],"their":[43],"unusual":[44],"change":[45],"temporal":[47],"or":[48],"correlative":[49],"features,":[50],"it":[52],"challenging":[54],"capture":[56,93],"these":[57],"complex":[58],"characteristics.":[59],"Besides,":[60],"achieving":[61],"consistent":[62],"performance":[67],"also":[69],"a":[70,76,143,197],"tricky":[71],"issue.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,141],"article,":[75],"novel":[77],"framework":[82,182,201],"that":[83],"combines":[84],"generative":[85],"adversarial":[86],"networks":[87],"autoencoder":[89],"proposed":[91,132],"dependent":[95],"correlation":[97,112,124],"features":[98],"with":[103,147],"the":[104,131,173,181],"need":[105],"anomalous":[107],"sequences.":[108],"First,":[109],"multitime":[110],"scale":[111],"computation":[113],"utilized":[115,164],"encode":[117],"into":[121,130],"multiple":[122,148],"cross":[123],"graphs,":[125],"which":[126],"can":[127],"be":[128],"fed":[129],"deep":[133],"architecture":[134],"for":[135,202],"extracting":[136],"more":[137],"distinguishable":[138],"features.":[139],"On":[140],"basis,":[142],"robust":[144],"cost":[145],"function":[146],"loss":[149],"issues":[150],"designed,":[152],"reconstruction":[154],"matrix":[155],"deviation":[156],"original":[158],"space":[159],"encoder\u2013encoder":[161],"structure":[162],"detect":[166],"locate":[168],"abnormal":[169],"series,":[171],"ensuring":[172],"consistency":[174],"tasks":[179],"reliability.":[183],"Extensive":[184],"experiments":[185],"on":[186],"five":[187],"datasets":[189],"are":[190],"conducted":[191],"indicate":[193],"our":[194],"model":[195],"generic":[198],"excellent":[200],"series.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}