{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285139001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530","title":"Vulnerability of Passive Microwave Snowfall Retrievals to Physical Properties of Snowpack: A Perspective From Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory","display_name":"Vulnerability of Passive Microwave Snowfall Retrievals to Physical Properties of Snowpack: A Perspective From Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285139001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073636576","display_name":"Reyhaneh Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-1430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802223849","display_name":"Saint Anthony College of Nursing","ror":"https://ror.org/010wj6161","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802223849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reyhaneh Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Environmental and Geo-Engineering, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Environmental and Geo-Engineering, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802223849","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084725110","display_name":"Ardeshir Ebtehaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-4958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802223849","display_name":"Saint Anthony College of Nursing","ror":"https://ror.org/010wj6161","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802223849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardeshir Ebtehaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Environmental and Geo-Engineering, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Environmental and Geo-Engineering, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802223849","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056005227","display_name":"Giulia Panegrossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Panegrossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072871427","display_name":"Lisa Milani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Milani","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085767620","display_name":"Sarah Ringerud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah E. Ringerud","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088543339","display_name":"F. Joseph Turk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-9602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Joseph Turk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Radar Science, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Radar Science, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073636576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2802223849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68694041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.9177778959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8941253423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6948046088218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundra","display_name":"Tundra","score":0.6548720598220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.5346234440803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-microwave-sounding-unit","display_name":"Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit","score":0.5326957702636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.5105977654457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4449710249900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43162912130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-field","display_name":"Snow field","score":0.4259498715400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4132322669029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3565777540206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.3357299566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2717900574207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24028506875038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"Snow cover","score":0.19372200965881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15631848573684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08520302176475525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.9177778959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8941253423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6948046088218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.6548720598220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5346234440803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37856936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686237","display_name":"Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit","level":3,"score":0.5326957702636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.5105977654457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4449710249900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43162912130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82544793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365419","display_name":"Snow field","level":4,"score":0.4259498715400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4132322669029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3565777540206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.3357299566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2717900574207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24028506875038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983043445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow cover","level":3,"score":0.19372200965881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15631848573684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08520302176475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3184530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1535027274","https://openalex.org/W1588167619","https://openalex.org/W1667819958","https://openalex.org/W1826615873","https://openalex.org/W1966704876","https://openalex.org/W1968471520","https://openalex.org/W1973547287","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1983441418","https://openalex.org/W1989943753","https://openalex.org/W1998990613","https://openalex.org/W2002768179","https://openalex.org/W2009026858","https://openalex.org/W2009186093","https://openalex.org/W2009723607","https://openalex.org/W2018608667","https://openalex.org/W2023112223","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2049307092","https://openalex.org/W2061376652","https://openalex.org/W2065144185","https://openalex.org/W2066247114","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2077712623","https://openalex.org/W2079078125","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2086292526","https://openalex.org/W2088944389","https://openalex.org/W2093429038","https://openalex.org/W2094345328","https://openalex.org/W2100630989","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2112841100","https://openalex.org/W2113659800","https://openalex.org/W2113723234","https://openalex.org/W2116428100","https://openalex.org/W2117766630","https://openalex.org/W2118235452","https://openalex.org/W2130339908","https://openalex.org/W2132468394","https://openalex.org/W2136045605","https://openalex.org/W2144032305","https://openalex.org/W2146846308","https://openalex.org/W2150960269","https://openalex.org/W2154675655","https://openalex.org/W2157026492","https://openalex.org/W2158687251","https://openalex.org/W2161087840","https://openalex.org/W2165869068","https://openalex.org/W2170839362","https://openalex.org/W2174732504","https://openalex.org/W2176432915","https://openalex.org/W2313684377","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2672495453","https://openalex.org/W2727124044","https://openalex.org/W2774528912","https://openalex.org/W2790367188","https://openalex.org/W2803447579","https://openalex.org/W2902522997","https://openalex.org/W2959298326","https://openalex.org/W2971593966","https://openalex.org/W2972222780","https://openalex.org/W2981233840","https://openalex.org/W2990927747","https://openalex.org/W3001272277","https://openalex.org/W3007020238","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3035805304","https://openalex.org/W3094304996","https://openalex.org/W3111011168","https://openalex.org/W3158255269","https://openalex.org/W3159589133","https://openalex.org/W3174391771","https://openalex.org/W3202997716","https://openalex.org/W4210842039","https://openalex.org/W4298338318","https://openalex.org/W6636789653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160076400","https://openalex.org/W1975903137","https://openalex.org/W2086097481","https://openalex.org/W2379733200","https://openalex.org/W2097077554","https://openalex.org/W2121876136","https://openalex.org/W2137251809","https://openalex.org/W125138732","https://openalex.org/W1644491696","https://openalex.org/W2187012855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"uncertainty":[1],"of":[2,6,26,43,58,88,111,117,122,141,180,232],"passive":[3,144,194],"microwave":[4,145,195],"retrievals":[5,119],"snowfall":[7,76,98,118,146,193],"is":[8,16,129,149,198],"notoriously":[9],"high":[10],"where":[11],"the":[12,31,40,59,62,75,80,97,114,126,142,175,187,192,202,204,219,235,245,249],"high-frequency":[13,52],"surface":[14,188],"emissivity":[15,124,189],"significantly":[17],"reduced":[18],"and":[19,48,55,91,105,135,170,190,211,215,227,234,244],"varies":[20],"markedly":[21],"in":[22,125,131,161,230,242,248],"response":[23],"to":[24,73,120],"changes":[25,121],"snowpack":[27,89,123],"physical":[28],"properties.":[29],"Using":[30,108],"dense":[32],"media":[33],"radiative":[34],"transfer":[35],"theory,":[36],"this":[37],"article":[38],"studies":[39],"potential":[41],"effects":[42],"terrestrial":[44],"snow-cover":[45],"depth,":[46],"density,":[47],"grain":[49,85],"size":[50],"on":[51],"channels":[53],"89":[54],"166":[56],"GHz":[57],"radiometer":[60],"onboard":[61],"Global":[63],"Precipitation":[64],"Measurement":[65],"(GPM)":[66],"core":[67],"satellite,":[68],"which":[69,96],"are":[70,93,137,208,223],"commonly":[71],"used":[72],"capture":[74],"scattering":[77,99],"signals.":[78],"Integrating":[79],"inference":[81],"across":[82],"all":[83],"feasible":[84],"sizes,":[86],"ranges":[87],"density":[90,165],"depth":[92,179],"identified":[94],"over":[95,209,225],"signatures":[100],"can":[101,185],"be":[102],"time":[103],"varying":[104],"potentially":[106],"obscured.":[107],"10":[109],"years":[110],"reanalysis":[112],"data,":[113],"seasonal":[115],"vulnerability":[116],"Northern":[127],"Hemisphere":[128],"mapped":[130],"a":[132,164,178],"probabilistic":[133],"sense":[134],"connections":[136],"made":[138],"with":[139,163,177,213],"uncertainties":[140],"GPM":[143],"retrievals.":[147],"It":[148,197],"found":[150],"that":[151],"among":[152],"different":[153],"snow":[154,160,173,229],"classes,":[155],"relatively":[156],"light":[157],"Arctic":[158,236],"tundra":[159,226],"fall,":[162,220],"below":[166],"260":[167],"kg":[168],"m<sup>-3</sup>,":[169],"shallow":[171],"prairie":[172,216],"during":[174,201],"winter,":[176,203],"less":[181],"than":[182],"40":[183],"cm,":[184],"reduce":[186],"obscure":[191],"signatures.":[196],"demonstrated":[199],"that,":[200],"highly":[205],"vulnerable":[206],"areas":[207,222],"Kazakhstan,":[210],"Mongolia":[212],"taiga":[214,228],"snow.":[217],"In":[218],"these":[221],"largely":[224],"north":[231],"Russia":[233],"Archipelagos":[237],"as":[238,240],"well":[239],"prairies":[241],"Canada":[243],"Great":[246],"Plains":[247],"United":[250],"States.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
