{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004964495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","title":"Vive La Diff\u00e9rence: Paxos vs. Viewstamped Replication vs. Zab","display_name":"Vive La Diff\u00e9rence: Paxos vs. Viewstamped Replication vs. Zab","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004964495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","mag":"2004964495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011335429","display_name":"Robbert van Renesse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-0283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robbert van Renesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067239389","display_name":"Nicolas Schiper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Schiper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111485228","display_name":"Fred B. Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4902-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred B. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85617061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"472","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8368469476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.7533445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7354913949966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6539539098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5299305319786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.49339643120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45926985144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3021028935909271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2491954267024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0808040201663971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8368469476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7533445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7354913949966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6539539098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5299305319786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.49339643120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45926985144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3021028935909271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2491954267024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0808040201663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1001256653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550- 11-1-0137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1510503465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-11-2-0256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1769679382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA2386-12-1-3008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2160871359","display_name":"GRIDCONTROL: A SOFTWARE PLATFORM TO DUPPORT THE SMART GRID","funder_award_id":"DEAR0000230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2493692840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-09-1-0652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2760447424","display_name":"Integrating Security and Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems","funder_award_id":"0430161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3514713354","display_name":"CiC: Science of Cloud-Scale Computing","funder_award_id":"1047540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4524359699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-01-1-0968","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5078892146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0424422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5837611997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F9550-06-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G606023063","display_name":"FIA: Collaborative Research: NEBULA: A Future Internet That Supports Trustworthy Cloud Computing","funder_award_id":"1040689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7104310458","display_name":"TC:  Medium:  Higher-Level Abstractions for Trustworthy Federated Systems","funder_award_id":"0964409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8072389004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-10-2-0238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87932605","https://openalex.org/W192446467","https://openalex.org/W1500583441","https://openalex.org/W1549820118","https://openalex.org/W1775825429","https://openalex.org/W1862208438","https://openalex.org/W1992428285","https://openalex.org/W1992479210","https://openalex.org/W1999984505","https://openalex.org/W2000832815","https://openalex.org/W2001276096","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2012481411","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2041617655","https://openalex.org/W2051707209","https://openalex.org/W2054739713","https://openalex.org/W2075854425","https://openalex.org/W2086070079","https://openalex.org/W2088221489","https://openalex.org/W2094162326","https://openalex.org/W2101939036","https://openalex.org/W2109213558","https://openalex.org/W2119339454","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2134337235","https://openalex.org/W2138949781","https://openalex.org/W2143149536","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2170262285","https://openalex.org/W2278657245","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3140206129","https://openalex.org/W6607881844","https://openalex.org/W6630221779","https://openalex.org/W6633020944","https://openalex.org/W6637843304","https://openalex.org/W6638875382","https://openalex.org/W6648576785","https://openalex.org/W6648764728","https://openalex.org/W6650418438","https://openalex.org/W6651202925","https://openalex.org/W6673827415","https://openalex.org/W6680359660","https://openalex.org/W6684864164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W3011785936","https://openalex.org/W4297819361","https://openalex.org/W2772436979","https://openalex.org/W1491017262","https://openalex.org/W1494824878","https://openalex.org/W4294338060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Paxos,":[0],"Viewstamped":[1],"Replication,":[2],"and":[3,23,36],"Zab":[4],"are":[5,33,41,52,58,89],"replication":[6],"protocols":[7,32],"for":[8,76],"high-availability":[9],"in":[10],"asynchronous":[11],"environments":[12],"with":[13],"crash":[14],"failures.":[15],"Claims":[16],"have":[17,83],"been":[18],"made":[19],"about":[20],"their":[21],"similarities":[22],"differences.":[24],"But":[25],"how":[26,39],"does":[27],"one":[28],"determine":[29],"whether":[30],"two":[31],"the":[34,42,71,78],"same,":[35],"if":[37],"not,":[38],"significant":[40,85],"differences?":[43],"We":[44],"address":[45],"these":[46],"questions":[47],"using":[48],"refinement":[49],"mappings.":[50],"Protocols":[51],"expressed":[53],"as":[54],"succinct":[55],"specifications":[56],"that":[57,82],"progressively":[59],"refined":[60],"to":[61],"executable":[62],"implementations.":[63],"Doing":[64],"so":[65],"enables":[66],"a":[67,84],"principled":[68],"understanding":[69],"of":[70,73],"correctness":[72],"design":[74],"decisions":[75],"implementing":[77],"protocols.":[79],"Additionally,":[80],"differences":[81],"impact":[86],"on":[87],"performance":[88],"surfaced":[90],"by":[91],"this":[92],"exercise.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
