{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383337818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940","title":"Efficient Saliency Map Detection for Low-Light Images Based on Image Gradient","display_name":"Efficient Saliency Map Detection for Low-Light Images Based on Image Gradient","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383337818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101963981","display_name":"Chun-Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3034-0044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028639489","display_name":"Muhamad Amirul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-0229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhamad Amirul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072282741","display_name":"Jiun-Han Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiun-Han Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026137532","display_name":"Shanq-Jang Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-8512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanq-Jang Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064183605","display_name":"Edwin Naroska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8742-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113269","display_name":"Hochschule Niederrhein","ror":"https://ror.org/027b9qx26","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113269"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Naroska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Science, Krefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Science, Krefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101963981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79642909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":"852","last_page":"865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8602597713470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7936593294143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6907952427864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6535521745681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.570704996585846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5703009366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5420423746109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5338619351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viola\u2013jones-object-detection-framework","display_name":"Viola\u2013Jones object detection framework","score":0.5115881562232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4782513678073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4558786451816559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44085946679115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.4214802086353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.39388445019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35590890049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.26213401556015015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8602597713470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7936593294143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6907952427864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6535521745681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.570704996585846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5703009366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5420423746109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5338619351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182521987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493877","display_name":"Viola\u2013Jones object detection framework","level":5,"score":0.5115881562232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4782513678073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4558786451816559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44085946679115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.4214802086353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.39388445019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35590890049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.26213401556015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3292940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518138188","https://openalex.org/W1934890906","https://openalex.org/W1996031228","https://openalex.org/W2002574940","https://openalex.org/W2082917491","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2140511609","https://openalex.org/W2147421915","https://openalex.org/W2150461190","https://openalex.org/W2161185676","https://openalex.org/W2343447635","https://openalex.org/W2461475918","https://openalex.org/W2468596194","https://openalex.org/W2558906385","https://openalex.org/W2566376500","https://openalex.org/W2588503511","https://openalex.org/W2596954664","https://openalex.org/W2611558102","https://openalex.org/W2724198442","https://openalex.org/W2740667773","https://openalex.org/W2783573276","https://openalex.org/W2791710889","https://openalex.org/W2948354154","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963228457","https://openalex.org/W2970186118","https://openalex.org/W2981718299","https://openalex.org/W2981847167","https://openalex.org/W2990984982","https://openalex.org/W3034347506","https://openalex.org/W3034895805","https://openalex.org/W3035687312","https://openalex.org/W3035731588","https://openalex.org/W3085887408","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W3134649899","https://openalex.org/W3134765225","https://openalex.org/W3154123740","https://openalex.org/W3167976421","https://openalex.org/W3174792937","https://openalex.org/W3180447501","https://openalex.org/W3213472242","https://openalex.org/W3214264009","https://openalex.org/W4206477594","https://openalex.org/W4283317841","https://openalex.org/W4283712710","https://openalex.org/W4295300265","https://openalex.org/W4295808034","https://openalex.org/W4299879750","https://openalex.org/W6754146604","https://openalex.org/W6754215068","https://openalex.org/W6755037456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204852000","https://openalex.org/W4205668735","https://openalex.org/W2901758161","https://openalex.org/W4297797959","https://openalex.org/W4297491714","https://openalex.org/W3114299475","https://openalex.org/W4312834249","https://openalex.org/W3108847140","https://openalex.org/W3209429418","https://openalex.org/W4387272257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"deep":[1,17],"learning":[2,18],"has":[3,20,78],"been":[4,21],"widely":[5],"employed":[6],"across":[7],"various":[8],"domains.":[9],"The":[10],"Convolution":[11],"Neural":[12],"Network":[13],"(CNN),":[14],"a":[15,80,90],"popular":[16],"algorithm,":[19],"successfully":[22],"utilized":[23],"in":[24,56,105,142],"object":[25,42,66,85,119],"recognition":[26,43,51],"tasks,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,120],"face":[30],"recognition,":[31,33],"vehicle":[32],"and":[34,60,123,145],"license":[35],"plate":[36],"recognition.":[37],"However,":[38],"conventional":[39],"methods":[40],"for":[41,48,74,84],"may":[44],"not":[45],"be":[46],"appropriate":[47],"low-light":[49,75],"image":[50,76],"due":[52],"to":[53],"information":[54],"loss":[55],"the":[57,69,112,118,121,143,157],"dark":[58],"regions":[59],"unexpected":[61],"noise":[62],"that":[63,101],"can":[64],"impair":[65],"quality.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"development":[70],"of":[71],"specialized":[72],"techniques":[73],"enhancement":[77],"become":[79],"major":[81],"research":[82],"focus":[83],"detection.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88,132],"proposed":[89,113],"gradient-based":[91],"saliency":[92],"map":[93],"detection":[94],"method":[95,114],"with":[96,117,128],"an":[97],"improved":[98],"ResNet":[99,159],"architecture":[100],"outperforms":[102],"previous":[103,129],"works":[104],"detecting":[106],"multiple":[107],"or":[108],"large":[109],"objects.":[110],"Additionally,":[111],"enhances":[115],"images":[116],"center":[122],"emphasizes":[124],"foreground-background":[125],"differences.":[126],"Compared":[127],"works,":[130],"this":[131],"achieves":[133],"<inline-formula":[134,146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[135,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[136,148],"<tex-math":[137,149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.28\\times":[138],"$":[139,151],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[140,152],"improvements":[141],"parameters":[144],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.32\\times":[150],"faster":[153],"inference":[154],"speed":[155],"than":[156],"original":[158],"architecture.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
