{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020567080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","title":"Novel 2-D MMSE Subpixel-Based Image Down-Sampling","display_name":"Novel 2-D MMSE Subpixel-Based Image Down-Sampling","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020567080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","mag":"2020567080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039161616","display_name":"Lu Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-784X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010546001","display_name":"Oscar C. Au","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar C. Au","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111982778","display_name":"Ketan Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ketan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101978200","display_name":"Xing Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hong Kong, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058982350","display_name":"Hanli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Tongji, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Tongji, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95320114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"740","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.9699480533599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6449244618415833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5697039365768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5331078767776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44718137383461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.41345980763435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4032306373119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3703530430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35247209668159485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.9699480533599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6449244618415833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5697039365768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5331078767776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44718137383461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41345980763435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4032306373119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3703530430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35247209668159485}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2011.2179458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.676.8999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.676.8999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tongji.edu.cn/%7Ehanliwang/papers/J23_TCSVT_FANG_DOWNSAMPLE.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-56175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-56175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200272220","https://openalex.org/W1583725487","https://openalex.org/W1925619100","https://openalex.org/W1967077605","https://openalex.org/W1978775119","https://openalex.org/W1998428186","https://openalex.org/W2015460705","https://openalex.org/W2020573755","https://openalex.org/W2056856387","https://openalex.org/W2109372742","https://openalex.org/W2111064119","https://openalex.org/W2124618676","https://openalex.org/W2132105090","https://openalex.org/W2133339613","https://openalex.org/W2150020113","https://openalex.org/W2150240911","https://openalex.org/W2157341141","https://openalex.org/W2734262381","https://openalex.org/W4206196235","https://openalex.org/W4234028034","https://openalex.org/W6649958835","https://openalex.org/W6676411391","https://openalex.org/W6679489882","https://openalex.org/W6741221055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369528593","https://openalex.org/W2385629811","https://openalex.org/W2638735979","https://openalex.org/W2111510641","https://openalex.org/W2386795888","https://openalex.org/W1968995436","https://openalex.org/W2382389562","https://openalex.org/W2120293966","https://openalex.org/W2142380919","https://openalex.org/W185753090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subpixel-based":[0],"down-sampling":[1,52,58,73,90,151,200],"is":[2,38,97,106,117],"a":[3,12,49,64,75,109,126],"method":[4],"that":[5,103,184],"can":[6,193],"potentially":[7],"improve":[8],"apparent":[9,170],"resolution":[10,28],"of":[11,32,95,147],"down-scaled":[13],"image":[14,66],"on":[15],"LCD":[16],"by":[17,114],"controlling":[18],"individual":[19],"subpixels":[20],"rather":[21],"than":[22],"pixels.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,80,104,138,145],"increased":[26],"luminance":[27,171],"comes":[29],"at":[30],"price":[31],"chrominance":[33,179],"distortion.":[34,180],"A":[35],"major":[36],"challenge":[37],"to":[39,108,136],"suppress":[40],"color":[41,204],"fringing":[42,205],"artifacts":[43],"while":[44],"maintaining":[45],"sharpness.":[46],"We":[47,100,120],"propose":[48,154],"new":[50],"subpixel-based":[51,57,72,89,150],"pattern":[53],"called":[54,83],"diagonal":[55],"direct":[56],"(DDSD)":[59],"for":[60,88,169,178],"which":[61,116],"we":[62,70,153],"design":[63],"2-D":[65,110],"reconstruction":[67],"model.":[68],"Then,":[69],"formulate":[71],"as":[74],"MMSE":[76],"problem":[77],"and":[78,149,173,187],"derive":[79],"optimal":[81],"solution":[82,105],"minimum":[84],"mean":[85],"square":[86],"error":[87],"(MMSE-SD).":[91],"Unfortunately,":[92],"straightforward":[93],"implementation":[94],"MMSE-SD":[96,141,186],"computational":[98,123],"intensive.":[99],"thus":[101],"prove":[102],"equivalent":[107],"linear":[111],"filter":[112,135],"followed":[113],"DDSD,":[115],"much":[118,139],"simpler.":[119],"further":[121],"reduce":[122],"complexity":[124],"using":[125],"small":[127],"<i":[128,132,160,189],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[129,133,161,164,176,190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">k</i>":[130,134,191],"\u00d7":[131],"approximate":[137],"larger":[140],"filter.":[142],"To":[143],"compare":[144],"performances":[146],"pixel":[148],"methods,":[152,201],"two":[155],"novel":[156],"objective":[157],"measures:":[158],"normalized":[159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">l</i>":[162],"<sub":[163,175],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[165],"high":[166],"frequency":[167],"energy":[168],"sharpness":[172],"PSNR":[174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">U(V)</sub>":[177],"Simulation":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"both":[185],"MMSE-SD(":[188],")":[192],"give":[194],"sharper":[195],"images":[196],"compared":[197],"with":[198,202],"conventional":[199],"little":[203],"artifacts.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
